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Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business

GAMAIJB
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14111128 EISSN : 23387238 DOI : -

Core Subject : Economy,

Economics, Econometrics & Finance

Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business (GamaIJB) is a peer-reviewed journal published three times a year (January-April, May-August, and September-December) by Master of Management Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada. GamaIJB is intended to be the journal for publishing articles reporting the results of research on business, especially in the context of emerging economies. The GamaIJB invites manuscripts in the various topics include, but not limited to, functional areas of management, accounting, international business, entrepreneurship, business economics, risk management, knowledge management, information systems, ethics, and sustainability.

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Articles 617 Documents

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Training and Development Policy, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance Rayenda Khresna Brahmana; Ritzky Karina Brahmana; Theresa Char Fei Ho
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 20, No 1 (2018): January-April
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This research investigates the role of corporate governance as a moderator between firms’ performance and their Training and Development Policy (TDP). Research data were taken from the US, Brazil, Russia, India, China and Indonesia from 2007 to 2013. This research found that the TDP is important for enhancing firm performance. Also, the role of the training and development policy impacted each firm’s performance differently, according to the level of corporate governance of that firm. The moderating effect of corporate governance reveals that better governance of a firm may have an influence on its TDP policy, which would lead to better firm performance. Overall, the results are consistent with the conjecture that corporate governance influences the firm’s performance and training and development policy, suggesting that the training and development policy’s success depends on the corporate governance level of the firm. Hence, this research contributes to two big theories: the knowledge transfer theory and the human capital theory, where the research findings show a confirmation of the two theories application in this research context.

ASSESSING ACCOUNTABILITY OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUDGETARY MANAGEMENT Mardiasmo Mardiasmo
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 4, No 3 (2002): September-December
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Performance measurement system is an assessment tool, which assesses strategy implementation through financial and non-financial measures. Budget is one of the financial measures used to assess strategy implementation. It is a primary instrument of many function of decision, which is used as a tool to achieve organization goals. Public sector management has to fulfill vertical and horizontal accountability. To have a deeper understanding pertains to performance measurement system andlocal government budgetary management, this study assessed the existing performance measurement system and local government budgetary management in six municipal/districts. The result showed that the existing performance measurement system is an improper management tool, and that accountability of local government budgetary management is dominated by vertical accountability rather than horizontal accountability. It issuggested that each municipal/district should have its own revenue indica-tor and saving, increase its cost awareness and health and education sectordevelopment budget, implement New Public Management, and reform itsresponsibility system from vertical accountability to horizontal account-ability.

GAINS FROM INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION AND DOMESTIC PORTFOLIO IN EMERGING STOCKS MARKETS: PHILIPPINE AND INDONESIAN PERSPECTIVES Eduardus Tandelilin
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 1, No 2 (1999): September
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The study was organized into two major concerns: first, identifying the gains from international diversification in emerging stock markets from the Philippine and the Indonesian perspectives and determining which perspective yields the greater gains; and second, determining how many securities must be included to obtain an optimal investment portfolio from the Philippine and Indonesia perspectives.The empirical results indicate that there are gains from international diversification, both from the Philippine and Indonesian perspectives, in two to eight emerging stock markets. Generally the gains are greater from the Indonesian perspective than the Philippine perspective in all countrycombinations.Further, this study found that the number of stocks needed to form an optimum domestic investment portfolio was bigger for the Indonesian investor‘s perspective (at 15 stocks) than for the Filipino investor (14).

PARADIGMS IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Sabrina Oktoria Sihombing
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 4, No 2 (2002): May-August
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

A paradigm influences what we see and conceive about certain facts. Paradigm can also influence what we accept as a truth. Yet, the debate over which paradigm and methodology is best suit for marketing and consumer behavior has begun since 1980s. Many researchers criticized the domination of logical empiricism paradigm and offered alternative paradigm to understand marketing and consumer behavior. This article discusses several paradigms and methodology, which are part of qualitative paradigm, and compares them with positivism paradigm. This article will also point to the importance of reconciliation between qualitative and quantitative paradigm in order to improve marketing and consumer behavior studies.

DOES SIZE MATTER?: Technical Efficiency and Industry Size in Indonesia Richard V. Richard V. Llewelyn; Wang Sutrisno
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 4, No 3 (2002): September-December
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The debate over which size industry is best suited for Indonesiacontinues with proponents of both large and small sizes pointing out the benefits of each. However, little empirical analysis has been done regarding economic matters such as technical efficiency. Nonparametric analysis of technical efficiency for three sizes of firms in seven manufacturing sectors is estimated using linear programming techniques. Aggregated input and output data from BPS from 1991 to 1997 are used.Household size firms are found to be most efficient relative to the other sizes for five of the seven sectors analyzed. Large firms are relatively more efficient in ‘Food, Beverage, and Tobacco’ sector. Small companies are relatively less efficient than household firms in all but one case, but relatively more efficient than large firms in five of seven sectors. The results validate and perhaps explain the duel economy in Indonesia with both large and small firms existing in the same industry.When each sector is analyzed for each firm size, the ‘Non-MetallicMineral Products Other Than Petroleum and Coal’ sector is most efficient for all sizes of firms. The least efficient sector is the ‘Chemical and Plastics’ industry.The results suggest that government policy should be focused oncreating a stable environment for business, which promotes growth of efficient businesses, either large or small. Specific policies and intervention for small business development are not necessary, given the relative efficiency of small firms in Indonesia.

MAINSTREAM ACCOUNTING AND ITS PARADIGM: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS Imam Wahyudi
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 1, No 2 (1999): September
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This paper discusses the methodology dominantly used in accounting research, namely, mainstream accounting research methodology. This methodology which relies on the methodology of natural sciences and is called hypothetico-deductive approach assumes that human beings are passive objects and has no power to create social realities. As a result, accounting tends to be seen as an objective information separated from its social environment.This belief has created many disadvantages to the development of accounting practices and accounting research itself. Accounting research tends to be separated from accounting practices. Consequently, a lot of research findings cannot be applied in accounting practice. Thus, accountingresearch and accounting theorizing may not produce a real answer to the accounting problems.

RE-EXAMINING THE EXISTENCE OF LOW PRICE-EARNINGS RATIO EFFECTS: A Descriptive Approach to the Case of Indonesian Stock Market Marwan Asri
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 4, No 2 (2002): May-August
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

From practical point of view, Price-Earnings (P/E) ratio is one of numerous important aspects to consider. Analysts, investors, and traders in stock markets use P/E ratio –together with other information- in analyzing the past performance, and predicting the future prospect of securities in the market. However, noting its importance, there are some significant disagreements among researchers regarding the ability of P/E ratio in providing “correct information” about the future return of company stocks. One of the topics under discussion is about the presence of so-called low P/E effect, which hypothesizes that high P/E will be followed by low returns and low P/E will be followed by high returns. This study, by repeating partially Johnson et al. (1989) procedures, was trying to confirm the low P/E effect hypothesis in Indonesian market. The study involved 267 stocks listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange in the sample frame and selected the period of 1994-2000 as the focus of analysis. The study also has an intention to investigate whether there was a structural change in return-P/E relationship from the pre-crisis period (1994-1996) to the crisis period (1998-2000). The procedure of analysis was divided into two sections. In the first section a descriptive macro (market) analysis was presented, to test the hypothesis at the market level. It started with an overview about the fluctuation and trend of market P/E ratios during the period of 1991-2000, and followed by investigating the relationship between market P/E and the following returns. A regression analysis was also performed to strengthen the analysis from statistical point of view. In the second section, analysis is more directed to the portfolio level where the portfolios were ranked according to their P/E ratios. The study was concluded with a main finding that does not support the low P/E effect hypothesis.

REAL STOCK RETURNS, INFLATIONARY TRENDS AND REAL ACTIVITY: Evidence from Malaysia M. Shabri Abdul Majid
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 4, No 3 (2002): September-December
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study explores the relationship between real stock returns and inflationary trends in the Malaysian economy. It attempts to test for the relationship between real stock return and inflation in light of Fisher hypothesis that asserts the independence of real stock return and inflation and Fama’s (1981) proxy effect framework which states that the negative real stock returns-inflation is indirectly explained by a negative real economic activity-inflation and a positive real stock returns-real economicactivity relationships. The finding shows that real stock returns are independent of inflationary trends in accordance with the Fisher hypothesis, which implies that the Malaysian stock market provides a good hedge against inflation. The Fama’s proxy hypothesis is then tested to check for the consistency of the relationships. The positive relationship between inflation and real economic activity and the positive relationship betweenreal stock returns and real economic activity that totally contradicts the Fama’s proxy hypothesis however are found, to some extent, be consistent with the explanation of conventional macroeconomic theories of the Philip’s curve.

THE PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF EARNINGS VERSUS CASH FLOW DATA TO PREDICT FUTURE CASH FLOWS: A FIRM-SPECIFIC ANALYSIS Supriyadi Supriyadi
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 1, No 2 (1999): September
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study evaluated the value-relevance of accounting information (earnings and cash flows) in Indonesia to predict a firm’s future operating cash flows. The predictive usefulness of earnings and cash flows in association with future cash flows is of interest for three reasons. They include providing empirical evidence on the relevant accounting information to assess a firm’s future cash flows, information about the behavior and properties of Indonesian accounting information, and evidence of – or at least providing a basis for evaluating–the validity of the IndonesianAccounting Standards Committee (KPSAK) assertion on the usefulness of accounting information to assess future cash flows.The study evaluated three cash flow prediction models that employed cash flow, earnings, and a combination of earnings-cash flow variables. The models were applied on a firm-specific data set. The data used in this study were semi-annual data for the 61 sample firms (manufacturing firms)listed in the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) spanning the years 1990-1997. The results of this study supported the proposed hypothesis that cash flow data provided better information to assess a firm’s future cash flows than earnings data. Since this study employed manufacturing firms only, future research is necessary to evaluate the robustness of the results to otherpopulations of firms and/or by using an alternative deflator of earnings and cash flows, such as consumer price index (CPI) or market value of the firms. Further extensions of this study include additional refinements of the prediction models on an industry-specific basis and disaggregating cash flow variables into operating, investing, and financing components in order to measure the value-relevance of the statement of cash flows.

PRICE EARNINGS RATIO (PER) MODEL CONSISTENCY: EVIDENCE FROM JAKARTA STOCK EXCHANGE Prof. Marwan Asri, M.B.A., Ph.D.; Antonius N. Heveadi
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 1, No 2 (1999): September
Publisher : Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Recently, stock valuation model using the earning multiplier approach (PER) is more popular among investors and analysts. This popularity has caused this model to seem to be the most perfect model among other valuation models. In response to the fact above, this research tries togive empirical evidence whether PER’s cross-sectional model can be used in determining the fairness of stock price traded in Jakarta Stock Exchange.Evaluation of the capability of PER’s cross-sectional model in determining the common stock price was conducted by developing three regression models from different time periods, namely the years of 1995, 1996, and 1997. The regression models used in this research was the one developed by Whitbeck-Kisor (1973). The model employed growth, dividend payout ratio (DPR), and standard deviation of growth (s-growth) as independent variable.This research was intended to test the consistency of the model in assessing stock prices. The result of this research showed that each model developed at different time periods, though with the same sample and method, gave different results. The differences were in the significance level and in the weight of influence of independent variables to the corresponding dependent variables. As a stock valuation model, a regression model should perform consistently from period to period, so normalPER of a stock could be predicted based on the model that was developed by historical data.

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