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INDONESIA
Pelita Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia
ISSN : 02150212     EISSN : 24069574     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebuna
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Pelita Perkebunan, Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal (CCRJ): ISSN:0215-0212 Since its establishment in 1911, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) formerly Besoekisch Proefstation, had published its research findings through a journal call Mededelingen van het Besoekisch Proefstation. Between 1948-1981 the research institute was under the supervision of Bogor Research Institute for Estate Crops, and published its research findings through De Bergcultures which was later changed to Menara Perkebunan. Since the institute held the national mandate for coffee and cocoa commodities, and due to rapid increase in the research findings, ICCRI published its first issue of Pelita Perkebunanjournal in April 1985. Pelita Perkebunanis an international journal providing rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles concerned with coffee and cocoa commodities based on the aspects of agronomy, plant breeding, soil science, crop protection, postharvest technology and social economy. Papers dealing with result of original research on the above aspects are welcome, with no page charge. Pelita Perkebunan is managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), which publish the research findings not only for coffee and cocoa but also other commodities relevant with coffee and cocoa, i.e. shade trees, intercrops and wind breakers.
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Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 32 No 1 (2016)" : 7 Documents clear
Application of Marketing Mix in Home Industry: Focussed on Micro and Small-Scale Coffee Industries Lya Aklimawati; Djoko Soemarno; Surip Mawardi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.170

Abstract

Differences  in  marketing  strategies  with  other  industries  are  needed  to maintain  business  sustainability  especially  for  facing  fierce  market  competition. This  research  was  aimed  to  identify  a  marketing  mix  implemented  in  micro  and small  scale  coffee  industries,  and  to  identify  external  factors  that  affected  business sustainability.  This  study  was  carried  out  in  Sumberwringin  Sub-district, Bondowoso  District,  East  Java.  Respondents  of  this  study  were  25  coffee  industry players  selected  by  using  judgement  sampling  method.  Primary  and  secondary data  were  collected  in  this  study.  Data  were  analyzed  with  descriptive-qualitative method  and  interactive  analysis.  The  results  showed  that  micro  and  small-scale coffee industries was still implementing conventional  marketing pattern. The marketing mix  which  applied  in  coffee  industry,  were  (a)  the  product  mix  was  not  persistent that  depended  on  consumer  demand;  (b)  selling  price  of  product  was  determined from  cost  production  and  profit  margins;  (c)  distribution  was  conducted  with active  and  passive  marketing  particularly  based  on  customer  orders;  (d)  promotion mix  was  implemented  by  direct  marketing,  personal  selling,  and  word  of  mouth. Micro-environments of the marketing affecting micro and small-scale coffee industries were: (a) customers as main target market  in form  of consumer markets and  alternative target  market  as  re-seller  markets;  (b)  high  intensity  competition  as  a  result of  large  number of  competitors  and  lack  of  product  diversification;  (c)  many  raw material suppliers, but expensive  input  production  cost; (d) there was no a marketing partnership  with  marketer  agent/other  partner,  but  it  had  strategic  partnership with  supplier  and  government;  (e)  government  policies  on  product  development and  marketing  had  been  implemented  by  facilitating  exhibition  activity,  processing equipment,  and  training.
Influence of Quality Improvement Activities and Direct Selling Through Mediated Partnership Model on Supply Chain, Farm-Gate Price and Indonesian Households Specialty Coffee Farmers’ Income Diany Faila Sophia Hartatri
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.175

Abstract

The low farm-gate price of agricultural commodities is commonly caused by low quality and complicated value chain. Quality improvement and direct selling through Mediated Partnership Model (Motramed) are conducted to increase farm-gate price and bargaining power of smallholder farmers. In Indonesia, Motramed has been applied in several coffee producing regions, such as Flores, Kintamani and East Java. This research aimed to understand the influence of quality improvement and direct selling activities through Motramed on market chain, farm-gate price and household coffee farmers’ income in Indonesia. This research was conducted in Kintamani in 2013. This research also used farm-gate data in several specialty coffee producing regions, including Flores (Bajawa and Ruteng), Kintamani and East Java that collected during 2010 and 2011. I incorporated both quantitative and qualitative research methods to explore and analyse the data. Household farmer survey, semi-structured interview with coffee stakeholders including farmers, collectors, exporters, government officials and NGOs; and field observation were used for collecting the data. The research shows that quality improvement activity in the farm level and direct selling through Motramed has
Optimization study of ultrasound-assisted polyphenol extraction from cocoa powder and utilization of its grounds using papain solution. Noor Ariefandie Febrianto; Teguh Wahyudi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.209

Abstract

Cocoa powder is one of the main products of the cocoa grinding process which is frequently used in confectionery industries. Today, the utilization of cocoa powder has been derivatized not only it can be used as food ingredient, but also expanding in its utilization in pharmaceutical. The utilization of cocoa powder mainly due to its advantageous and healthy polyphenol content which should be extracted from cocoa powder. Generally, this process will result in significant amounts of underutilized cocoa powder grounds. This research was carried out to evaluate the utilization of ultrasound-assisted extraction method to extract antioxidative compound from cocoa powder and to study the possibility of utilizing its grounds for its antioxidative compound by the use of papain solution system. The extraction study was carried out using different concentration of ethanol ranged from 53.79, 60, 75, 90 and 96.21% for 23.39, 30, 45, 60 and 66.21 min extraction time. The evaluation was carried out using the analysis of total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Further, freshly prepared papain was used in different concentration ranged from 2, 4 and 6% to incubate the cocoa grounds for 2, 3, and 4 hours. The obtained cocoa hydrolysate solution was then analyzed for its protein content and its antioxidant activity. The optimization study of the process was carried out using response surface methodology. This study shows that the use of 60% ethanol for 30 min extraction was optimum to extract the phenolic compound from cocoa powder. On the other hand, the use of papain revealed that the underutilized cocoa grounds could be potentially used as the source of protein and antioxidant.
Chromatographic identification of leaf color characteristics on fine-flavor and bulk cacao as selection indicator Indah Anita Sari; Bayu Setyawan; Marcelinus A.S. Adhiwibawa; Agung Wahyu Susilo
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.210

Abstract

A problem encountered in plant breeding process to determine bean color quality of fine-flavor cocoa is a long selection period. Preliminary results indicatedthat the fine-flavor cocoa has a low color reflectance than bulk cocoa. The objectiveof this study is to find more applicable and easier method to do the early detectionof fine-flavor cocoa on the breeding population. Detection of the leaf color haracteristics was done by chromatographic and spectrophotometry analysis. hromatographic analysis was carried out in Kaliwining Experimental Station, IndonesianCoffee and Cocoa Research Institute using complete random design consistedof two types of cocoa; fine-flavor (10 clones) and bulk cocoa (10 clones). pectrophotometric analysis was conducted at Ma Chung University, Malang, East Java.Four clones of bulk cocoa and six clones of fine flavor cocoa were used in thisanalysis. The results of the study showed that the flush color characteristics of thefine-flavor cocoa were different from the bulk cocoa characteristics as shown bythe differences in the value of L*, b* and anthocyanin content. Flush characteristic s ofthe fine-flavor cocoa had brighter color, more toward green with higher yellowlevel, while the bulk cocoa had darker flush, red and lower yellow level. Thecolor parameter of L* and b* had a higher genetic variation compared with theenvironment variation. However, the parameter a* had a higher environmental variation compared with genetic variation. Grouping of fine-flavor cocoa and bulk cocoacould be done through the detection of flush anthocyanin content, when tendencyof flush anthocyanin content on fine-flavor cocoa was lower than bulk cocoa.The detection of flush color particularly L* and b* parameters through hromatographic analysis and anthocyanin content through spectrophotometric analysismay be used as a criteria for selection the fine flavor cocoa on seedling phase.
Impacts of export tax of cocoa beans on Indonesian economy. Yuventus Effendi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.212

Abstract

In  recent  years,  there  is  a  significant  decline  of  cocoa  beans  in  terms  of exports  value  and  share  after  2010.  Several  studies  claimed  that  this  downward trend  was  caused  by  the  introduction  of  an  export  tax  on  cocoa  beans  in  2010. Nevertheless, there are limited studies on the impacts of decreasing cocoa beans exports to  the  Indonesian  economy.  Therefore,  this  study  aimed  to  simulate  the impacts  of  the  imposition  of  export  tax  on  cocoa  beans  to  the  economy  as  well as  unemployment.  Methodology  of  this  study  utilised  the  Input-Output  Table. In  particular,  this  study  calculated  the  impacts  of  export  tax  on  cocoa  beans  to the  changes  of  output,  primary  inputs,  and  unemployment  in  several  scenarios. The main result of this study was that at extreme scenario, where the cocoa beans sector’s  export  was  eliminated,  the  impacts  on  the  whole  economy  and  unemployment were  insignificant.  Moreover,  this  study  found  that  the  impacts  on  value added  such  as  decreasing  of  profit  were  relatively  higher  than  decreasing ra te  on the  output  and  others  value  added  such  as  salary  and  wages  and  indirect taxes. On  the  other  hand,  this  study  argued  that  even  though  the  introduction  of  export tax  effectively  reduced raw  cocoa  beans  exports,  there  was  an  increasing  on  the exports’  value on the  down  stream  industries.
Use of cocoa ethanolic extract for treatment of Staphylococcal infection in rabbit-skin model Ariza Budi Tunjung-Sari; Teguh Wahyudi; Diana Chusna Mufida; Mekania Tamarizki; Desyana Perwitahati; Ihda Kartika Syamsuddin; Misnawi Jati
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.214

Abstract

In  septic  condition,  the  skin  normal  flora  Staphylococcal  spp.  may  trigger local  and  sistemic  skin  infection.  In  this  study  antibacterial  activity  of  cocoa ethanolic  extract  (CEE)  against  Staphylococcus  aureus  and  Staphylococcus epidermidis infections  was  observed  in  vitro  and  in  vivo.  Ethanolic  extract  from unfermented  cocoa  beans  was  prepared  as  solution  in  the  in  vitro  testing,  while for  in  vivo  testing  the  extract  was  prepared  as  cream.  Agar  well  diffusion  assay showed  that  CEE  ranging  from  7.8  mg/mL  to  1000  mg/mL  demonstrated  inhibitory  activity  against  growth  of  either  S.  aureus  and  S.  epidermidis. Inhibitory activity  of  CEE  was  in  concentration  dependent  manner,  and  was  less  potential than either cephalexin 4 x 10 -3 mg/mL or cefotaxime 8 x 10 -3 mg/mL. Linear regression of CEE concentration plotted against inhibition zone values ha dpredicted the minimum inhibitory  concentrations  (MIC)  of  CEE  towards  S.  aureus  and  S.  epidermidis were at 341.9 mg/mL and 359.7 mg/mL, respectively. Topical application of cream containing  CEE  at  several  concentrations  (2%,  4%,  and  8%)  demonstrated  healing properties  towards  incision  wound  infected  with  S.  aureus and  S.  epidermidis cultures in rabbit-skin model. CEE cream promoted wound contraction and higher recovery  rate  than  of  base  cream  (negative  control)  but  lower  than  mupirocin 2%  cream.  In  S.  aureus and  S.  epidermidis  infected  wound  models,  CEE  cream 8%  improved  wound  recovery  to  72.7%  and  86.1%  from  original  rates  of  23.5% and 34.7% (base cream application). Catechin and procyanidis are suggested playing roles in  alleviation of wound inflammation and stimulation of extracellular matrix accumulation,  thus  accelerate  the  wound  healing  process.  This  study  proposes utilization  of  cocoa  bean  as  source  of  active  ingredient  for  skin  care  products.
Relationship Analysis Between Leaf-Stomata Characteristics with Cocoa Resistance to Vascular-Streak Dieback Agung Wahyu Soesilo; Poppy Arisandy; Indah Anita Sari; Rudi Harimurti
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.220

Abstract

Characteristics of leaf-stomata indicate having relationship with  the resistance of  cocoa  to  vascular-streak  dieback  (VSD)  caused  by  Ceratobasidum  theobromae. This  research  has  objective  to  identify  the  relationship  between leaf-stomata   haracteristicsto VSD resistance in order to develop criteria for selection. Trial was establised in  randomized-complete  block design  with three  blocks as replications  in  Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) using 15  clones  which  had  different  background  on  VSD  resistance.  Leaf-stomata  of  the tested  clones  were characterized  using variables of number of stomata,  stomata size, width  of  opened-stomata  and  size  of  stomata  mouth  in  three  different  level  of  leaf growth,  namely  flush,  young  and  mature.  VSD  resistance  was  assessed  by  scoring the damage in the scale of 0-6 that  the tested clones were classified into five group sof resistance.  Analysis  of  variance  indicated  a  significant  effect  of  cocoa  clone  to  the number of  stomata  in  all categories  of leaf  sample  but the  other leaf-stomata  haracteristics  were  significantly  affected  by  cocoa  clone  just  at  the  young  and  mature leaf.  Correlation  analysis  performed  a  significant inter-correlation  between  variables of leaf-stomata characteristics in young leaf and the score of VSD resistance. However, number of stomata and width of opened-stomata in the mature leaf were significantly correlated  to  the  score  of  VSD  resistance.  Genetic  variance  analysis  showed  a  high category of broad sense heritability for the number of stomata and width of the  penedstomata  in  young  leaf  that  both  of  the  variables  can  be  developed  as  criteria  for selection on  VSD  resistance.

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