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Characteristics of Quality Profile and Agribusiness of Robusta Coffee in Tambora Mountainside, Sumbawa Lya Aklimawati; Yusianto .; Surip Mawardi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 30 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v30i2.1

Abstract

Coffee development in Indomesia by means of optimalizing local resources needs to be done for increasing national coffee production as well as for expanding domestic and international markets. These opportunities must be used to gain benefit as a strategic action for raising farmer’s prosperity. This study was aimed to observe physical quality and flavor profile of Robusta coffee from Tambora mountainside, and to identify agribusiness coffee system applied by the farmers, including problem identification at farmer’s level. This research was carried out at Pekat Subdistrict (Dompu District) and Tambora Subdistrict (Bima District), West Nusa Tenggara Province. Direct observation and in-depth interviews were conducted in this study. Data collected consisted of primary and secondary data, as well as 11 green coffee samples from farmers to be analysed its physical quality and flavor profile. The number of respondents were nine stakeholders consisted of three farmers, two farmer group leaders, one field officer, one duty officer, one trader, and one large planter official. Respondents selection were based on convenience sampling method. The results showed that physical quality of coffee bean was belonged to Grade 4—6 (fair to poor quality), while broken beans shared the highest number of physical defects. Robusta coffee from Tambora mountainside performed good taste profile, that the coffee can be promoted to be fine Robusta by improving post harvest handling. Robusta coffee farming at Tambora mountainside was characterized by monoculture cropping system, average of land ownerships about 1 ha/household, and average productivity about 900—1,000 kg green coffee/ha/year. Major problems on Robusta coffee farming at Tambora mountainside consisted of lack of coffee plant maintenance as well as limited accessibility to financing and technology. Key words: agribusiness, physical quality, flavor, Robusta coffee, Tambora mountainside
Effect of Price Determinants on World Cocoa Prices for Over the Last Three Decades: Error Correction Model (ECM) Approach Lya Aklimawati; Teguh Wahyudi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 29 No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v29i3.15

Abstract

High  volatility  cocoa  price  movement  is  consequenced  by  imbalancing between power demand and power supply in commodity market. World economy expectation and market  liberalization would lead to instability on cocoa prices in  the  international  commerce.  Dynamic  prices  moving  erratically  influence the benefit  of market players, particularly  producers. The aim of this research is  (1)  to  estimate  the  empirical  cocoa  prices  model  for  responding  market dynamics and (2) analyze short-term and long-term effect of price determinants variables  on cocoa prices.  This research  was  carried out by  analyzing  annualdata from 1980 to 2011, based on secondary data. Error correction mechanism (ECM)  approach was  used  to  estimate the  econometric  model  of  cocoa  price.The  estimation  results  indicated  that  cocoa  price  was  significantly  affected  by exchange rate IDR-USD, world gross domestic product,  world inflation, worldcocoa production, world cocoa consumption, world cocoa stock and Robusta prices at varied significance level from 1 - 10%. All of these variables have a long run equilibrium relationship. In long run effect, world gross domestic product, world  cocoa  consumption  and  world  cocoa  stock  were  elastic  (E  >1),  while other  variables  were  inelastic  (E  <1).  Variables  that  affecting  cocoa  pricesin  short  run  equilibrium  were  exchange  rate  IDR-USD,  world  gross  domestic product,  world  inflation,  world  cocoa  consumption  and  world  cocoa  stock. The  analysis  results  showed  that  world  gross  domestic  product,  world  cocoa consumption  and  world  cocoa  stock  were  elastic  (E  >1)  to  cocoa  prices  in short-term.  Whereas,  the  response  of  cocoa  prices  was  inelastic  to  change  of exchange rate IDR-USD and world inflation.Key words: Price determinants, cocoa, Error Correction Model, demand, supply, stock
Estimating the Volatility of Cocoa Price Return with ARCH and GARCH Models Lya Aklimawati; Teguh Wahyudi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 29 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v29i2.61

Abstract

Dynamics of market changing as a result of market liberalization have an impact on agricultural commodities price fluctuation. High volatility on cocoa price movement reflect its price and market risk. Because of price and market uncertainty, the market players face some difficulties to make a decision in determining business development. This research was conducted to 1) understand the characteristics of cocoa price movement in cocoa futures trading, and 2)analyze cocoa price volatility using ARCH and GARCH type model. Research was carried out by direct observation on the pattern of cocoa price movement in the futures trading and volatility analysis based on secondary data. The data was derived from Intercontinental Exchange ( ICE) Futures U.S. Reports. The analysis result showed that GARCH is the best model to predict the value of average cocoa price return volatility, because it meets criteria of three diagnostic checking, which are ARCH-LM test, residual autocorrelation test and residual normality test. Based on the ARCH-LM test, GARCH (1,1)did not have heteroscedasticity, because p-value  2 (0.640139)and F-statistic (0.640449) were greater than 0.05. Results of residual autocorrelation test indicated that residual value of GARCH (1,1) was random, because the statistic value of Ljung-Box (LB)on the 36 th lag is smaller than the statistic value of  2. Whereas, residual normality test concluded the residual of GARCH (1,1) were normally distributed, because AR (29), MA (29), RESID (-1)^2, and GARCH (-1) were significant at 5% significance level. Increasing volatility value indicate high potential risk. Price risk can be reduced by managing financial instrument in futures trading such as forward and futures contract, and hedging. The research result also give an insight to the market player for decision making and determining time of hedging. Key words: Volatility, price, cocoa, GARCH, risk, futures trading
Effect of Service Quality on Coffee Based Economic Cluster Development on Farmers and other Stakeholders Satisfaction in Bondowoso District Lya Aklimawati; Djoko Sumarno; Surip Mawardi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 31 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i1.68

Abstract

Economic cluster approach can be used to enhance economic growth of region by optimizing local resources. Coffee is one of plantation commodity which developed in Bondowoso district through economic cluster model. Low quality coffee beans and inefficiency marketing system were the basic problems at farmer level that pushed for developing economic coffee cluster. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of service quality on economic coffee cluster development toward farmers and stakeholders satisfaction. This research was carried out at Bondowoso District, East Java. Direct observation and interviews coffee farmers and stakeholders using close questions was conducted in this study. Data collected consisted of primary and  secondary data. The number of respondents were 47 stakeholders consisted of 5 officers from BI Jember, 5 officers from Dishutbun Bondowoso, 2 officers from Perum Perhutani and 35 farmers. Respondents selection was based on convenience sampling method. Primary data was analyzed by using correlation and multiple linier regression analysis. The result showed that the relationship between dimensions of service quality with each other varies from weak to strong. Stakeholders satisfaction (included farmers) on economic coffee cluster implementation was influenced significantly by tangible at significance level 5%. While reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy has no effect to stakeholders satisfaction at significance level 5%.   Keyword : satisfaction, farmer, stakeholder, service quality, economic cluster, coffee
Identification and Mapping of Readiness of Micro and Small Coffee Industry Cluster Development Lya Aklimawati; Djoko Soemarno; Surip Mawardi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 31 No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i3.169

Abstract

Cluster development of micro and small-scaled coffee industry is an effortto improve the economy of community by utilizing local resources. This studywas aimed to identify phase of cluster growth through determinant factors ofindustrial cluster growth; to assess a linkage between economy players in theindustrial cluster; and to identify strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat incoffee industry development. This research was carried out in Sumberwringin,Bondowoso District, East Java. Survey method through direct observation andinterviews were conducted in this study. Data collected included primary andsecondary data. Number of respondents were 25 industry players selected byjudgement sampling method. The data were analyzed by exploratory descriptivewith content analysis method. This research concluded that industrial clusterstudied was still in phase of formation and initiative (embryo) and its growthpattern followed Pattern III. Interrelationship between core industries has notbeen established, while linkage between core industries and supporting industrieshad already well-established. Strength and opportunity in coffee industrydevelopment included raw materials availability, market segment growth. Smalland micro enterprises credit facility, supporting facility, and labor availability.Constraints and threat faced by coffee industry included limited market access,in adequate machineries, limited working capital, raw materials quality, inconsistentproduct quality, credit claim, and competitors.
Application of Marketing Mix in Home Industry: Focussed on Micro and Small-Scale Coffee Industries Lya Aklimawati; Djoko Soemarno; Surip Mawardi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.170

Abstract

Differences  in  marketing  strategies  with  other  industries  are  needed  to maintain  business  sustainability  especially  for  facing  fierce  market  competition. This  research  was  aimed  to  identify  a  marketing  mix  implemented  in  micro  and small  scale  coffee  industries,  and  to  identify  external  factors  that  affected  business sustainability.  This  study  was  carried  out  in  Sumberwringin  Sub-district, Bondowoso  District,  East  Java.  Respondents  of  this  study  were  25  coffee  industry players  selected  by  using  judgement  sampling  method.  Primary  and  secondary data  were  collected  in  this  study.  Data  were  analyzed  with  descriptive-qualitative method  and  interactive  analysis.  The  results  showed  that  micro  and  small-scale coffee industries was still implementing conventional  marketing pattern. The marketing mix  which  applied  in  coffee  industry,  were  (a)  the  product  mix  was  not  persistent that  depended  on  consumer  demand;  (b)  selling  price  of  product  was  determined from  cost  production  and  profit  margins;  (c)  distribution  was  conducted  with active  and  passive  marketing  particularly  based  on  customer  orders;  (d)  promotion mix  was  implemented  by  direct  marketing,  personal  selling,  and  word  of  mouth. Micro-environments of the marketing affecting micro and small-scale coffee industries were: (a) customers as main target market  in form  of consumer markets and  alternative target  market  as  re-seller  markets;  (b)  high  intensity  competition  as  a  result of  large  number of  competitors  and  lack  of  product  diversification;  (c)  many  raw material suppliers, but expensive  input  production  cost; (d) there was no a marketing partnership  with  marketer  agent/other  partner,  but  it  had  strategic  partnership with  supplier  and  government;  (e)  government  policies  on  product  development and  marketing  had  been  implemented  by  facilitating  exhibition  activity,  processing equipment,  and  training.
Factors Affecting Micro and Small-Scale Industries Income: A Case Study on Coffee Processing Industry Lya Aklimawati; Djoko Soemarno; Surip Mawardi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i2.216

Abstract

Development the competitive industries primarily small firms ought to be realized for improving economic growth of a community. Small industries have an important role especially on income equity improvement in rural areas. The objective of this study was to assess industry players motivation for developing their business in coffee processing and also to analyze factors which influence business income focused on micro and small-scale coffee industries in Bondowoso District. Survey method was used in this study for collecting primary and secondary data. A number of respondents were 25 coffee industry players who be determined by judgement sampling method. Data were analyzed by descriptive and statistic method. Multiple linear regression was used in the suspected factors that affect small industries income. The results indicated that the main motivation of industry players in initiating and developing coffee business was financial incentive. Consecutively, indicators that may explain industry player’s motivation were expectation, motive and incentive. Micro and small-scale industries income was affected by raw material, marketing reach, technology and business experience. Meanwhile, micro and small-scale industries income was not affected by labor cost and source of capital.
Comparison of Competitiveness for Crop Estate Commodities in ASEAN and European Markets: Constant Market Share Approach Lya Aklimawati
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i3.233

Abstract

Market transition to free trade agreement encourages Indonesia to improveforeign trade performance through stabilization of market position in the internationalmarket. The aims of this research were to analyze the competitivenessof coffee, cocoa, palm oil and rubber products in the international market, andto analyze Indonesia’s export dynamic in ASEAN and European markets. Thisresearch was conducted by analyzing secondary data particularly export datafrom 2010 to 2015. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Constant MarketShare (CMS) approaches were used to analyze export competitiveness of Indonesianproducts in the world market. The results showed that Indonesian agriculturalproducts (coffee, cocoa, palm oil and rubber) had a comparative advantage overthe average rate of world (RCA > 1), except natural rubber products. Meanwhile,CMS analysis indicated that dynamic of Indonesian export was more affectedby export growth and product composition effects, than that of market distribution and competitiveness effects. It revealed that Indonesia responded less to market demand in terms of quality, import growth of export destination countries and market intelligence related to competitor market positioning.
Co-Authors Djoko Soemarno Djoko Sumarno Surip Mawardi Teguh Wahyudi Yusianto .