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Asia Pacific Journal on Religion and Society
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
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Articles 68 Documents
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THE FATWAS OF MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA ON THE AHMADIYAH DOCTRINES Lilik Rofiqoh
Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society Vol 5, No 1 (2021): APJRS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/apjrs.v5i1.1149

Abstract

This paper discusses two relevant fatwas and corresponding recommendations by Indonesian’s Ulema Council (Majlis Ulama Indonesia: MUI) on the doctrines of Ahmadiyah. In doing so, it takes the historical background of the issue of the fatwas along with its political context. MUI in issuing the fatwa received the full political support of the New Order government, which at that time was highly concerned with the national security and stability. Moreover, Indonesia did not seem able to reject the influence of the transnational Islamic countries’ policy, which stronglydemanded that Ahmadiyah must be banned from any Muslim country. A strong influence of particularly the government has created distrust in the MUI’s authority as an Islamic scholar organization that was politically notsterilized. Many have doubted that MUI’s fatwa was genuine and/or even effectively binding, particularly when its fatwa dealt with the status of sects within Islam–whether or not they are heretic.  
PESANTREN AND MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY: A Study on Muslim Scholar Behavior at Islamic Boarding School Bangkalan Madura Shofiyullah Mz
Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society Vol 5, No 1 (2021): APJRS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/apjrs.v5i1.1150

Abstract

This article describes the roles of three Madurese kyais in developing and disseminating the awareness of multiculturalism in their respective community. This role is functional as they have often been involved in solving social and cultural problems in their respective areas. The research this article presents was focused on their active roles in the District of Bangkalan, an area in the East Java province where a handful number of religious and ethnic minorities live together with the Muslim Madurese majority. Leading three different Islamic boarding schools, Kyai Haji (KH) Abdullah Schal, KH Abd Muhaimin Makky, and KH A Jazuli Nur often used their respective pesantren as a proxy to disseminate the understanding of cultural pluralism in society. In this phenomenological research, the author used observations and in-depth interviews with the key figures to understand how the kyais functioned in society, and together with the local government, to spread an understanding of the importance of cultural diversity and contribute to providing solutions to cultural problems.  
MEASURING RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN INDONESIA: The Reconstruction of State’s Role, the Revitalisation of Faith’s Inclusiveness Fawaizul Umam
Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society Vol 5, No 1 (2021): APJRS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/apjrs.v5i1.1151

Abstract

This paper describes the challenges to nurture religious freedom in Indonesia due to the misrepresentation of the state’s roles. It discusses religious freedom based on the spirit of individual rights to practice religion (including not to embrace any religion). An analysis is started by proposing facts about the violence of religious freedom and some actual threats to religious freedom. Then, it is concluded with solution of two levels, namely reconstructing the relation between state and religion (public), and revitalizing the inclusiveness of religious pluralism in the people’s consciousness using Islam as its perspective. This is because religious freedom is still a great challenge for Indonesia both in the present and in the future. If we respond to the challenges wisely, the establishment and existence of religious freedom, peace, and inter-religious cooperation in this state is not impossible. Therefore, the prospect of religious freedom in Indonesia relies on the state’s and its citizens’ readiness to embrace the peaceful and tolerant values as the foundations to live in societies of multi-faiths groups.
RELIGIOUS INTELLECTUALISM AND SOCIETY: An Editorial Note Raihani Raihani
Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society Vol 5, No 1 (2021): APJRS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/apjrs.v5i1.1138

Abstract

A dominant culture, which is usually rooted in religion, exists in every society (Buckingham, 2012). We can easily point to a number of countries to support this statement. The United States of America, England, and Australia are some of countries where the society is predominantly Christians. The cultures rooted in the Christian traditions can be seen and traced in people’s daily life, behaviors and interactions, even though, perhaps, many of the society members rejected any formal affiliation to Christianity. Even after secularization in which religious adherence was no longer valued, the influence of the long religious tradition remains intact in many of the world’s societies.
ISLAM AND THE STATE IN INDONESIA: A Sociological and Historical Perspective Imron Rosyidi
Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society Vol 5, No 1 (2021): APJRS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

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Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the process of the birth of the new Muslim intellectual generation in Indonesia who prefer cultural to political movements. This new generation promotes a pivotal movement in driving and encouraging changes in the political concept of Pancasila and Islamic state. In Indonesian history, Muslim intellectuals were considered less dominating than Nationalist intellectuals in shaping the form of the state. In the early historyof Indonesian independence, they attempted to promote the  mportance of Islam as the state official ideology. However, since 1970s there had been changes in the orientation of the Muslim intellectuals’ struggle in that they preferred cultural approaches in the shaping of Indonesian state. As a result, many Muslim intellectuals did not have strong eagerness to promote Islam as the state ideology, but still managed to exert their influences to the state through social and professional organizations. As discussed in this paper, one notable example of these organizations is ICMI, whose establishment andgrowth have been significant in recent Indonesian history.
THE POSITION OF ISLAMIC LAW IN THE INDONESIAN LEGAL SYSTEM (1900-2003) Yudian Wahyudi
Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society Vol 5, No 1 (2021): APJRS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/apjrs.v5i1.1148

Abstract

This article examines the development of Islamic law in Indonesia in a chronological way within the contexts of the Dutch colonialism up to 1942, the Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945, and the post-independence to date. It analyzes such development from the perspectives of continuity and change theory. This analysis is focused on three main themes, namely: (1) the laws on issues in worshiping practices, human relations, and crimes; (2) the subjects of the laws as found in the figures of kyais (Islamic scholars), prominent individuals influenced by either Wahhabism or Western education, and leaders of organizations; and (3) implementation of  slamic laws on women affairs. This study revealed that a number of changes in Indonesian Islamic law over the last one hundred years in which moderate Shafiite and Sufi domination of Indonesian Islamic discourse was seriouslychallenged by the most rigorous and literalist school of Islamic law as represented by Hanbalisme.
Tropes of The Crusades In Indonesian Muslim Discourse Mark Woodward
Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society Vol 2, No 1 (2018): APJRS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

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Abstract

"Crusade" is the movement of Europeans from the Middle Ages to conquer the holy land of Jerusalem from the hands of Muslims who have ruled for centuries there. This is a classic model of religious warfare. Crusaders increasingly colour the conversation of Muslims in terms of war, peace and global politics. The description of the crusade on Muslim militants and the president of the United States has led to the proliferation of crusading rhetoric even in a country like Indonesia where nota is not involved at all in the Middle East war in the 13th century. This article examines the problem of using crusades and semantic relations with the word Zionism in present-day Indonesia.
The Conflict of Ulayat Or Customary Land in Limo Koto Kampar-Riau An Analysis from Sociological and Customary Law Perspective H. Hertina
Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society Vol 2, No 1 (2018): APJRS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

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Abstract

Tulisan ini meneliti peran FKUB dalam menciptakan kerukunan agama dalam masyarakat. Diawali dengan pemaparan tentang pentingnya study agama untuk menciptakan suasana kondusif yang toleran, penelitian ini difokuskan pada deskripsi institusi yang dilanjutkan dengan eveluasi kinerja FKUB dalam menciptakan kerukunan beragama di Kabupaten Kampar dan Kota Pekanbaru. Temuan yang didapatkan adalah, walaupun usia FKUB masih terbilang dua tahun, peran atau kinerjanyanya cukup signifikan.
Globalization, Nation-State, and Local Identity A Study of an Affair between the Movement of Religious Formalization and the Discourse of Local Identity in Kalimantan Selatan Irfan Noor
Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society Vol 2, No 2 (2018): APJRS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

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Abstract

The formalization movement of Islamic sharia which is currently prevalent in Indonesia has succeeded in taking advantage of the development of the discourse of strengthening local identity in the Regional Autonomy era. One of the successes of this movement is the issuance of various local regulations with nuances of Islamic sharia in various regions in Indonesia. One area that currently shows such a trend is South Kalimantan. In this area, the starting point of the development of the discourse of affirming local identity is the negative impact of global culture that synergizes with the totalitarianism of the construct of the nation state. Therefore, when the distinctive character developed by the Islamism movement is a counter-ideology towards various modernism and secularism, this movement is able to intertwine with local identity affirmation discourse which also develops an resistance to the nation-state construct tend to be totalitarianism in the style of the New Order which is also a product of modernism. As a result, various local regulations on Islamic sharia are discriminatory, sectarian, corruptive, and intolerant of the diversity of national culture.
Using Western Social Theory: Towards a Moral Ethnography of Islamic Boarding Schools in West Sumatra, Indonesia Lynette Parker
Asia-Pacific Journal on Religion and Society Vol 2, No 1 (2018): APJRS
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

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Abstract

This paper aims to map various Western social theories so that they can be used in writing "moral ethnography" in modern Islamic boarding schools in the Minangkabau, West Sumatra, Indonesia. In this paper, the author shows how the three theoretical approaches allow different ethnographic production, in the search for ethnographic theoretical approaches that are appropriate to the moral goals of the form of education. The author begins with Goffman's "total institution" idea, which Goffman used as the basis of his book on "asylum" or mental hospital. It seems that the concept of "total institution" is very suitable for the description of the pesantren, and indeed Goffman followed the school with a guesthouse as an example of a total institution. The author shows how to use the example of a total institution to give life to the results of the particular description of pesantren. In this picture, it seems that the substitute Islamic boarding school is rather harsh, with a strong institutional structure, strong boundary patrols (and separation from family and society), and a very tight and regular day-to-day schedule. Then, the author explains Foucault's theory of power, tight relations or nexus between power and knowledge, and discourse, and elaborates how to apply this idea to ethnographic data. The author shows that these concepts are very powerful tools for the ethnography of Islamic boarding schools. In particular, the image of "panopticon" as a review tool from above, and the idea of "bio-power" (bio power) and "pastoral power" are suitable for showing the aspects or nature of the pesantren's sub-culture. Islamic boarding schools create santri who are very reviewing themselves and their friends, who really want to be open to the observation of Allah and to pesantren leaders, and are interested in living morally, and improving themselves, through knowledge and faith.This paper aims to map various Western social theories so that they can be used in writing "moral ethnography" in modern Islamic boarding schools in the Minangkabau, West Sumatra, Indonesia. In this paper, the author shows how the three theoretical approaches allow different ethnographic production, in the search for ethnographic theoretical approaches that are appropriate to the moral goals of the form of education. The author begins with Goffman's "total institution" idea, which Goffman used as the basis of his book on "asylum" or mental hospital. It seems that the concept of "total institution" is very suitable for the description of the pesantren, and indeed Goffman followed the school with a guesthouse as an example of a total institution. The author shows how to use the example of a total institution to give life to the results of the particular description of pesantren. In this picture, it seems that the substitute Islamic boarding school is rather harsh, with a strong institutional structure, strong boundary patrols (and separation from family and society), and a very tight and regular day-to-day schedule. Then, the author explains Foucault's theory of power, tight relations or nexus between power and knowledge, and discourse, and elaborates how to apply this idea to ethnographic data. The author shows that these concepts are very powerful tools for the ethnography of Islamic boarding schools. In particular, the image of "panopticon" as a review tool from above, and the idea of "bio-power" (bio power) and "pastoral power" are suitable for showing the aspects or nature of the pesantren's sub-culture. Islamic boarding schools create santri who are very reviewing themselves and their friends, who really want to be open to the observation of Allah and to pesantren leaders, and are interested in living morally, and improving themselves, through knowledge and faith.

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