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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development
ISSN : 02166461     EISSN : 23546832     DOI : 10.14334
Core Subject : Health,
Veterinary
WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue " Vol 18, No 2 (2008)" : 5 Documents clear
The Role of Dairy Cattle Husbandry in Supporting The Development of National Dairy Industry Anggraeni, Anneke; Iskandar, Sofjan
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (155.55 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v18i2.901

Abstract

An intensive development in Indonesian dairy industry has expanded over two decades. During this period, the structure of the national dairy industry has progressed completely. The capacity of the national fresh milk production, however, has been able to supply only 35% of domestic milk demand. The milk domestic demand is predicted to be continous due to the increases in the national population and their welfare. Raising temperate dairy breed (Holstein-Friesian) under tropical climate has resulted many deteriorates in productivity. More inferiority has been found under a semi-intensive management at small dairy farms. The existence of various changes in the global trade regulation for agriculture commodities has been a considerable factor directly affecting the future development of the national dairy industry. Increasing efficiency of various determinant components of the national dairy industry is required to produce domestic fresh milk in a good quality at a competitive price. This paper is dealing with the status of various determined factors especially for dairy livestock components to improve the future national dairy industry prospectively, involving for the national dairy cattle population, domestic milk yield, productivity of dairy cattle, breeding system and supporting reproduction technology. More over, other essential factors providing for dairy institution as well as distribution and marketing domestic milk production are also described.   Key words: Dairy cattle husbandry, small dairy farms, national dairy industry
Conservation of Poultry Germplasm Through Cryopreservation of Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) Setioko, A R
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (266.038 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v18i2.902

Abstract

Indonesia has abundantly available genetic potential of local poultry that needs to be conserved for future use of poultry development. Live conservation of poultry, both in-situ and ex-situ, would be very expensive and has a risk of mortality due to diseases such as avian influenza. Cryopreservation of Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs), which are progenitor of eggs and spermatozoa, provides an alternative way to preserve both male and female genetic materials in poultry. PGCs in poultry can be specifically harvested from blatoderm or blood embryo, and preserved in a liquid nitrogen similar to sperm, ovum and embryo in large ruminant. Technique for producing germline chimeric chicken has been established by transferring PGCs into the circulated blood embryo where the original PGCs have been removed or inactivated. Mating of germline chimeras yields offsprings that are derived entirely from the donor stock. Conservation of genetic materials of Indonesian indigenous poultry through preservation of PGCs could be used for future poultry improvement.   Key words: Genetic resources, conservation, poultry, PGCs, chimera
Key Performance Indicators for Indonesia’s Small Holder Dairy Farmers Moran, John
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (75.392 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v18i2.903

Abstract

This paper presents a series of Key Performance Indicators to help Indonesian farmers identify the possible causes for their poor farm performance and profitability. When assessing farm profitability, these indicators can be split into two types, those diagnosing problems with feeding management and those with herd management. Too many stock on limited land is a common feature on Asian dairy small holdings. Unlike other forms of livestock, milking cows have very high nutrient requirements, therefore high quality forages and purchased concentrates are essential for profitable dairying. Milk income less feed cost is one of the simplest and easy to measure indicators of farm profitability and the quickest to respond to small changes in farm practices. Problems with herd management can be diagnosed using measures such as the proportion of cows actually milking in the herd or their peak yield and persistency of production. There are also simple indicators of herd reproductive performance and of health and growth of young stock that assist in searching for the underlying causes of poor farm profitability.   Key words: Key performance indicator, dairy farmer, small holder, Indonesian
Characterisation and Identification of Avian Influenza Virus (AI) Hewajuli, Dyah Ayu; Dharmayanti, NLP I
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (316.641 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v18i2.904

Abstract

Avian Influenza is caused by Influenza A virus which is a member of Orthomyxoviridae family. Influenza A virus is enveloped single stranded RNA with eight-segmented, negative polarity and filament or oval form, 50 – 120 by 200 – 300 nm diameters. Influenza A viruses have been found to infect birds, human, pig, horse and sometimes in the other mammalian such as seal and whale. The viruses are divided into different subtypes based on the antigenic protein which covers the virus surface i.e. Haemaglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA). In addition, the nomenclature of subtype virus is based on HA and NA i.e HxNx, for example H5N1, H9N2 and the others. According to pathogenic, it could be divided into two distinct groups, they are Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI). The Avian Influenza viruses have been continuously occurred and spread out in some continents such us America, Europe, Africa and Asian countries. The outbreak of Avian Influenza caused high mortality on birds and it has been reported that in human case Avian Influenza subtype H5N1 virus has caused several deaths. To anticipate this condition, an effort to prevent the transmission of Avian Influenza is needed. These strategic attempts include biosecurity, depopulation, vaccination, control of virus movement, monitoring and evaluation. Laboratory diagnostic plays an important role for successful prevention, control and eradication programs of Avian Influenza. Recently, there are two diagnostic methods for Avian Influenza. They are conventional (virological diagnosis) and molecular methods. The conventional method is usually used for initial diagnostic of Avian Influenza. The conventional method takes more time and more costly, whereas the molecular method is more effective than conventional method. Based on the available diagnostic technique, basically diagnostic of Avian Influenza is done by serology test, isolation and identification as well as pathogenicity test.   Key words: Avian Influenza, Characterisation, Identification, Laboratory Diagnostic
The Use and Effect of Carbamate Insecticide on Animal Health and Products ., Indraningsih
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (287.514 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v18i2.905

Abstract

The use of carbamate in Indonesia is relatively new, in particular after prohibition on the use of most organochlorines (OC). Carbamates that commonly  used for agricultural activities are carbofuran (Furadan), aldicarb (Temik) and carbaryl (Sevin). When properly used, they will provide benefit, but misuse of insecticides would affect productivity, poisoning, public health problems, environmental contamination and residues in foods. A monitoring result of carbamate used in Java indicates that carbofurans were detected in soils (0,8 – 56,3 ppb); water (0,1 – 5,0 ppb); rice (nd – 5,0 ppb); soybeans (1,2 – 610 ppb); animal feed (12 – 102 ppb); beef (110 – 269 ppb); and sera of beef cattle (167 – 721 ppb). The residue level was above the maximum residue limits (MRL) released by Indonesian Standardization Agency (Badan Standardisasi Nasional) in some samples. The presence of carbofuran in foods should be taken into account since the carbofuran is regarded highly toxic for public and animal health. This paper describes the toxicity of carbamate, clinical signs of poisoning, residue in foods and environment, handling of poisoning and residue control.   Key Words: Carbamate, toxicity, residue, food, environment

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