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Characterisation and Identification of Avian Influenza Virus (AI) Hewajuli, Dyah Ayu; Dharmayanti, NLP I
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Avian Influenza is caused by Influenza A virus which is a member of Orthomyxoviridae family. Influenza A virus is enveloped single stranded RNA with eight-segmented, negative polarity and filament or oval form, 50 â 120 by 200 â 300 nm diameters. Influenza A viruses have been found to infect birds, human, pig, horse and sometimes in the other mammalian such as seal and whale. The viruses are divided into different subtypes based on the antigenic protein which covers the virus surface i.e. Haemaglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA). In addition, the nomenclature of subtype virus is based on HA and NA i.e HxNx, for example H5N1, H9N2 and the others. According to pathogenic, it could be divided into two distinct groups, they are Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI). The Avian Influenza viruses have been continuously occurred and spread out in some continents such us America, Europe, Africa and Asian countries. The outbreak of Avian Influenza caused high mortality on birds and it has been reported that in human case Avian Influenza subtype H5N1 virus has caused several deaths. To anticipate this condition, an effort to prevent the transmission of Avian Influenza is needed. These strategic attempts include biosecurity, depopulation, vaccination, control of virus movement, monitoring and evaluation. Laboratory diagnostic plays an important role for successful prevention, control and eradication programs of Avian Influenza. Recently, there are two diagnostic methods for Avian Influenza. They are conventional (virological diagnosis) and molecular methods. The conventional method is usually used for initial diagnostic of Avian Influenza. The conventional method takes more time and more costly, whereas the molecular method is more effective than conventional method. Based on the available diagnostic technique, basically diagnostic of Avian Influenza is done by serology test, isolation and identification as well as pathogenicity test. Â Key words: Avian Influenza, Characterisation, Identification, Laboratory Diagnostic

The Influence of Ecological Factors on the Transmission and Stability of Avian Influenza Virus in the Environment Hewajuli, Dyah Ayu; Dharmayanti, NLP I
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Ecology is a science studying the correlation among organisms and some environmental factors. Ecological factors play an important role to transmit Avian Influenza (AI) virus and influence its stability in the environment. Avian Influenza virus is classified as type A virus and belong to Orthomyxoviridae family. The virus can infect various vertebrates, mainly birds and mammals, including human. Avian Influenza virus transmission can occur through bird migration. The bird migration patterns usually occur in the large continent covers a long distance area within a certain periode hence transmit the virus from infected birds to other birds and spread to the environment. The biotic (normal flora microbes) and abiotic (physical and chemical) factors play important role in transmitting the virus to susceptible avian species and influence its stability in the environment. Disinfectant can inactivate the AI virus in the environment but its effectivity is influenced by the concentration, contact time, pH, temperature and organic matter.Â Key words: Avian Influenza, stability, transmission, ecological factors

Cross-Reaction of Duck and Chicken Sera against Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Clades 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 Antigens by Hemagglutination Inhibition Test Indriani, Risa; Dharmayanti, NLP I; Martindah, E.
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 13, No 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the cross-reaction between the antigen of avian influenza (AI) H5N1 virus clades 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 in duck and chicken sera, which were vaccinated with inactivated AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 vaccine against AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 antigen and those vaccinated with inactivated AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 vaccine against H5N1 clade 2.1.3 antigen. The sera tested were obtained from postvaccination and control (unvaccinated) chickens and ducks in the laboratory condition, and from AI H5N1 postvaccination ducks in the field condition. HI test was conducted by using AI H5N1 clades 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 antigens. The results of HI titer were analyzed by the geometric means and by ANOVA. The results show that cross-reactions in both chicken and duck sera after AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 vaccination tested with AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 antigen occurred with low antibody titers, whereas in chicken and duck sera postvaccination with avian influenza H5N1 virus clade 2.1.3 showed cross-reaction with high antibody titer against clade 2.3.2 antigen. The conclusion of this study, postvaccination sera of AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 provide better cross-reaction compared to the postvaccination sera of AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2.Keywords: sera, chicken, duck, AI H5N1, clade 2.1.3 and clade 2.3.2.

EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERIAN PROPOLIS LEBAH DAN ROYAL JELLY PADA ABSES YANG DISEBABKAN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Dharmayanti, NLP I; Sulistyowati, E; Tejolaksono, MN; Prasetya, R
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A study was done to evaluate the effect of bee propolis and royal jelly on Staphylococcus aureus growth and duration of abscess healing.In vitro and in vivo methods were used on the study. In vitro method conducted by dilution method. In vivo 3 study treatments were divided in four groups.Each group was infected by 1.66.10 cell/ml of S.aureus fo get abscess.The group consists of treatment by abscess surgical and given bee propolis (A),abscess surgical and given royal jelly(B),abscess surgical and not given medication,and group control, no abscess surgical nor given medication.In vitro result showed minimalbactericidal concentration value of bee propolis and royal jelly were the same at concentration 6.25%.In vivo result showed duration of abscess healing were significantly different (p < 0.01).

CROSS-REACTION OF DUCK AND CHICKEN SERA AGAINST AVIAN INFLUENZA H5N1 VIRUS CLADES 2.1.3 AND 2.3.2 ANTIGENS BY HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION TEST Indriani, Risa; Dharmayanti, NLP I; Martindah, E.
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 13, No 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v13i2.3407

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the cross-reaction between the antigen of avian influenza (AI) H5N1 virus clades 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 in duck and chicken sera, which were vaccinated with inactivated AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 vaccine against AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 antigen and those vaccinated with inactivated AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 vaccine against H5N1 clade 2.1.3 antigen. The sera tested were obtained from postvaccination and control (unvaccinated) chickens and ducks in the laboratory condition, and from AI H5N1 postvaccination ducks in the field condition. HI test was conducted by using AI H5N1 clades 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 antigens. The results of HI titer were analyzed by the geometric means and by ANOVA. The results show that cross-reactions in both chicken and duck sera after AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 vaccination tested with AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 antigen occurred with low antibody titers, whereas in chicken and duck sera postvaccination with avian influenza H5N1 virus clade 2.1.3 showed cross-reaction with high antibody titer against clade 2.3.2 antigen. The conclusion of this study, postvaccination sera of AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 provide better cross-reaction compared to the postvaccination sera of AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2.Keywords: sera, chicken, duck, AI H5N1, clade 2.1.3 and clade 2.3.2.

Hantavirus: Structure, Mechanism of Transmission of Disease, Development of Drugs and Vaccines, and Prevention in Indonesia Nur Sabiq Assadah; I Sendow; NLP I Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 30, No 2 (2020): June 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Hantavirus is a zoonosis transmitted by rodents and have been spread in various countries. Hantavirus causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in humans is still receiving worldwide attention due to the high case fatality rate. Epidemiological studies have shown that Hantavirus is widespread globally, including in Indonesia. Indonesia is an archipelago and has a tropical climate, and is crossed by the equator so that it has an enormous diversity of animals, including those that become reservoirs of Hantavirus and other vulnerable animals. The high risk of developing Hantavirus in Indonesia does not rule out the possibility of a Hantavirus outbreak if no preventive action is taken. Until now there is no effective and safe vaccine or treatment for Hantavirus. Various development efforts continue to be made to obtain an appropriate and safe vaccine to prevent and stop the spread of Hantavirus. This paper discusses Hantavirus, including its structure and mechanism of transmission, the current situation of Hantavirus in Indonesia and the efforts that can be made to prevent Hantavirus, including the development of vaccines and their drugs.

Characterisation and Identification of Avian Influenza Virus (AI) Dyah Ayu Hewajuli; NLP I Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 2 (2008): JUNE 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Avian Influenza is caused by Influenza A virus which is a member of Orthomyxoviridae family. Influenza A virus is enveloped single stranded RNA with eight-segmented, negative polarity and filament or oval form, 50 – 120 by 200 – 300 nm diameters. Influenza A viruses have been found to infect birds, human, pig, horse and sometimes in the other mammalian such as seal and whale. The viruses are divided into different subtypes based on the antigenic protein which covers the virus surface i.e. Haemaglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA). In addition, the nomenclature of subtype virus is based on HA and NA i.e HxNx, for example H5N1, H9N2 and the others. According to pathogenic, it could be divided into two distinct groups, they are Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI). The Avian Influenza viruses have been continuously occurred and spread out in some continents such us America, Europe, Africa and Asian countries. The outbreak of Avian Influenza caused high mortality on birds and it has been reported that in human case Avian Influenza subtype H5N1 virus has caused several deaths. To anticipate this condition, an effort to prevent the transmission of Avian Influenza is needed. These strategic attempts include biosecurity, depopulation, vaccination, control of virus movement, monitoring and evaluation. Laboratory diagnostic plays an important role for successful prevention, control and eradication programs of Avian Influenza. Recently, there are two diagnostic methods for Avian Influenza. They are conventional (virological diagnosis) and molecular methods. The conventional method is usually used for initial diagnostic of Avian Influenza. The conventional method takes more time and more costly, whereas the molecular method is more effective than conventional method. Based on the available diagnostic technique, basically diagnostic of Avian Influenza is done by serology test, isolation and identification as well as pathogenicity test. Key words: Avian Influenza, Characterisation, Identification, Laboratory Diagnostic

The Influence of Ecological Factors on the Transmission and Stability of Avian Influenza Virus in the Environment Dyah Ayu Hewajuli; NLP I Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 3 (2014): SEPTEMBER 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Ecology is a science studying the correlation among organisms and some environmental factors. Ecological factors play an important role to transmit Avian Influenza (AI) virus and influence its stability in the environment. Avian Influenza virus is classified as type A virus and belong to Orthomyxoviridae family. The virus can infect various vertebrates, mainly birds and mammals, including human. Avian Influenza virus transmission can occur through bird migration. The bird migration patterns usually occur in the large continent covers a long distance area within a certain periode hence transmit the virus from infected birds to other birds and spread to the environment. The biotic (normal flora microbes) and abiotic (physical and chemical) factors play important role in transmitting the virus to susceptible avian species and influence its stability in the environment. Disinfectant can inactivate the AI virus in the environment but its effectivity is influenced by the concentration, contact time, pH, temperature and organic matter. Key words: Avian Influenza, stability, transmission, ecological factors

African Swine Fever: Penyakit Emerging yang Mengancam Peternakan Babi di Dunia Indrawati Sendow; Atik Ratnawati; NLP I Dharmayanti; Muharam Saepulloh
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 30, No 1 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease in pigs that caused by the double-stranded DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family. The disease is characterized by haemorrhages in the ears, back and legs. This virus causes death in pigs and has a large economic impact. However, ASF is not a zoonotic disease, hence it has no an impact on human health. This paper will discuss about ASF disease, route of transmision, how to diagnose, and handling of ASF. This disease has spread throughout Asia in a relatively short time in 2019, and this exotic disease has been reported entering Indonesia at the end of 2019. There is no effective prevention and control of the disease. Several vaccines have been developed but are still considered ineffective while commercial vaccines are not yet available. Safety and effectiveness of vaccines are still being considered because ASF virus is very unique and different from other DNA viruses,. Therefore, prevention of ASF infection should be done by conducting strict biosecurity, applying regulations on the movement of pigs and pig products to the region or country.

EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERIAN PROPOLIS LEBAH DAN ROYAL JELLY PADA ABSES YANG DISEBABKAN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS NLP I Dharmayanti; E Sulistyowati; MN Tejolaksono; R Prasetya
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 5, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v5i1.1097

A study was done to evaluate the effect of bee propolis and royal jelly on Staphylococcus aureus growth and duration of abscess healing.In vitro and in vivo methods were used on the study. In vitro method conducted by dilution method. In vivo 3 study treatments were divided in four groups.Each group was infected by 1.66.10 cell/ml of S.aureus fo get abscess.The group consists of treatment by abscess surgical and given bee propolis (A),abscess surgical and given royal jelly(B),abscess surgical and not given medication,and group control, no abscess surgical nor given medication.In vitro result showed minimalbactericidal concentration value of bee propolis and royal jelly were the same at concentration 6.25%.In vivo result showed duration of abscess healing were significantly different (p < 0.01).

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