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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development
ISSN : 02166461     EISSN : 23546832     DOI : 10.14334
Core Subject : Health,
Veterinary
WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.
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Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue " Vol 19, No 3 (2009)" : 6 Documents clear
Transforming Swamp Buffaloes to Producers of Milk and Meat Through Crossbreeding and Backcrossing Cruz, L C
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (185.86 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v19i3.916

Abstract

There are two major types of water buffaloes in the world, the riverine type and the swamp type. The total number of Swamp buffalo is 37.6 M and represents 21.8% of the world’s buffalo population. The swamp buffaloes have played a major role in draft animal-dependent farming system. But intensified rice production became more pronounced in irrigated areas and this has led to increased utilization of small farm machineries, displacing significantly the draft buffaloes for land tillage. To some extent, the introduction of tractors for land preparation and transport for corn, sugarcane and other crops in production areas has similar effect. Utilization of the existing population of swamp buffaloes to meet the growing domestic demand for milk and meat, against the background of increasing farm mechanization, is a good reason to transform the huge number of draft animals into producers of milk and meat. According to the UNDP/FAO-assisted project in the Philippines carried from 1982 to 1998, that crossing swamp buffalo and riverine buffaloes, despite the differences in chromosome numbers, is producing crossbreds with high growth rate potentials and milk production abilities several folds over the swamp buffalo parents. The known fact that swamp and riverine buffaloes have different chromosome number, the diploid chromosome number of the swamp buffalo is 48 and that of the river buffalo is 50. When crossbreeding between the 2 buffalo types occur, males and females of the F1 generation are heterozygous for the fusion and are apparently fertile with chromosome 2n = 49. Three-way crossbred hybrids were obtained by (native buffalo x Murrah x Nili Ravi) or (native buffalo x Nili Ravi x Murrah). They had two chromosome categories viz. 2n=49 and 2n=50, respectively. Crossbreeding Swamp with Riverine Breed is done for quality beef. Most of the NT produced TenderBuff is farm-bred or purchased from other suppliers as swamp buffalo yearlings and growth out for a further 8 – 16 months to achieve target weights on the pastures. The reproductive performance of F1 females produced out of crossing Murrah buffalo and Philippine carabao are not different. Assessment of the fertility of F1 bulls was made on the basis of the pregnancy rate obtained from AI on Philippine carabaos using frozen semen. The data indicated that there was no significant difference between the pregnancy rate of the Philippine carabaos inseminated with either Murrah buffaloes or F1 frozen semen. However, a signigicant difference on conception rate was observed (P < 0.05) compared to hybrid with 2n = 50 chromosomes. The calving rate of hybrids with 2n = 49 chromosomes decreased by 17.77 – 17.89% and the total calves reduced by 1.33 – 1.54 heads from the first calving to age of 11 years. The fundamental initiative that is most consistent with the envisaged improvement in the productivity of the carabao is the establishment of germplasm pools from where superior materials can be obtained on a sustainable basis such as Gene Pools for Selected Native Philippine Carabao (PC), Gene Pool for Riverine Buffalo for Meat Improvement, Gene Pool for Improvement for Milk Production. From the above point of view, the future will see sustained and more intensive efforts to pursue the goal of transforming genetically the traditionally draft animal to producer of milk and meat and eventually establishment of viable and progressive buffalo-based enterprises.  Key words: Swamp buffalo, crossbreeding, backcrossing
Alternative Raw Materials for Animal Feed Alimon, A R
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (64.774 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v19i3.917

Abstract

The increase in world fuel prices in the last few years has charged the global animal feedstuffs. In Malaysia, the feed industry is dependent on the importation of corn and soybean meal as the poultry and swine industries are almost totally based on corn soya bean meal diets. However, there are many byproducts and coproducts available in Malaysia as alternatives to corn or soy bean. Since Malaysia has more than 4 million hectares of oil palm plantation and after processing for the oil, large quantities of several byproducts are produced. This paper describes several available byproducts and co products in Malaysia, their nutritive value and their problems.   Key words: Byproducts, non conventional feed, Malaysia
Genetic and Biological Changes of Newcastle Disease Virus Due to The Development of Chicken Production System ., Sudarisman
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (575.632 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v19i3.918

Abstract

In many countries, Newcastle Disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry. It causes serious economic losses in poultry industry. Newcastle Disease or pseudo-fowl pest is a highly infectious viral disease that causes very high mortality (up to 100% in severe epidemics) in poultry and wild birds around the world. Newcastle Disease remains endemic in many regions and continues to severely limit poultry production in some developing countries. The disease is currently being controlled by routine vaccinations in many countries. However, it was reported that outbreaks of ND in vaccinated flocks often occur on the field may not only be due to differences in the antigenicity of the NDV wild field strains and vaccine strains, but could also be as a result of differences in pathogenicity and virulence between different strains used as vaccine seed in NDV vaccine production.   Key words: Newcastle Disease virus, biological changes, genetic changes, chicken
Chronic Respiratory Disease (Crd) of Chicken ., Soeripto
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (170.561 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v19i3.919

Abstract

Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) of chicken is the most costly disease confronting poultry industries in the world. The economic losses due to CRD was estimated up to billions rupiahs per year in Indonesia, and in the USA was estimated up to hundred millions dollars per year. The losses mainly due to decreases of body weight gain, egg production, feed efficiencies, hatchabilities and  increases  of  embryo  mortality.  The  main  causative agent  of  CRD  is Mycoplasma  gallisepticum (MG). Respiratory disturbances, excretion of nasal exudate, coughing, sneezing and hyperaemic of the conjunctiva are very often seen as the clinical signs. Pathological lesions are often found as inflammation of respiratory organs and more specific lesions are seen as inflammation and thickening of the airsac membranes with foci cheesy materials scattered around the airsacs. Diagnosis of CRD can be made by clinical symptoms, serology examination dan isolation of MG. Treatment, prevention and controls of CRD have been carried out for years, but cases of CRD are still present up to now. The MGTS11 vaccine as the third generation of CRD vaccine was reported to be effective for controlling CRD of chickens and potentially used as a tool for eradication programme of CRD in the future.   Key words: Chronic respiratory disease, chicken
Is There Any Chance for Crop and Livestock Integration in Indonesia? Prawiradiputra, Bambang R
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (133.977 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v19i3.920

Abstract

The integration of livestock and crops, especially food crops, or recently known as crop-livestock systems is very familiar in Indonesia as well as in South-East Asia. The system has been practiced for decades and still carrying out until now. In Indonesian traditional farming system, livestock plays an important role in the system. In Indonesia, there are five types of farming system namely extensive farming, non-intensive farming, intensive farming, very intensive farming and conservation farming system. However, there are some constraints in each system. This paper describes some constraints in Indonesian farming systems especially in crop-animal systems, such as land, manpower, money, technology, informations and farmer organization.   Key words: Integration, farming systems, crops, livestock, constraints
The Role of Molybdenum in Biological Nitrogen Fixation ., Armiadi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (97.615 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v19i3.921

Abstract

The availability of soil Molybdenum (Mo) especially for acid soil is scarcely found, while their existency determines the process of Nitrogen fixation. Mo is the component of meta-protein nitrogenase which helps the process of biological nitrogen fixation and acts as essential component which needed for N bacteria metabolism. The nitrogenase enzyme needs Mo element in the process of its metabolism, which acts as electron carrier between oxidized and reduction stages. The deficiency of Mo has been reported in several crops, with various appearance, such as chlorosis or yellowish leaves. The paper describes the role of Mo in biological nitrogen fixation.   Key words: Symbiotic fixation, molybdenum, legume, nitrogenase

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