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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development
ISSN : 02166461     EISSN : 23546832     DOI : 10.14334
Core Subject : Health,
Veterinary
WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.
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Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 14, No 4 (2004): DECEMBER 2004" : 5 Documents clear
Parasite Control by Utilizing Genetic Host Resistance Surtijono Partoutomo
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2004): DECEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1535.227 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v14i4.797

Abstract

As a tropical country, Indonesia is a favorable environment for the development of various species of parasites, consequently parasites become one of biological constraints that is difficult to overcome, particularly in traditional livestock farming's. The conventional parasite control technique has not been successfully implemented in traditional fanning as it requires capital support, which is unaffordable by small-scale farmers. Nowadays, the conventional control technologies for some parasites are considered to be uneconomical by several countries. Other reasons are the decrease of the economic value of certain livestock products, the appearance of anthelmintic resistance problems, and the occurrence of environmental pollution due to the utilization of chemicals and drugs. They then shift to genetic host resistance approach . In Indonesia, the approach on parasite control based on genetic host resistance may be used as an alternative technique which is based on the genetic host resistance is applicable at least as one of alternative technologies in controlling parasites selectively. This technology is cheaper, environmentally acceptable, and in line with the sustainable agriculture concept. The mechanisms ofthe genetic host resistance and its application in the field are briefly discussed in this paper. Key words: Genetic host resistance, parasite, control
The Prospect of Controlling Parasitic Deseases with Biological Agents Mangaraja P Tampubolon
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2004): DECEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (578.625 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v14i4.798

Abstract

Generally, parasitic diseases in animals may be caused by protozoa, ectoparasites and helminthes. The diseases appearing in the hosts may range from delicate to fatal disturbances depending on the parasite types, pathogeny, location, and various factors. The diseases may be spread directly or though vectors. In'the area ofanimal health, including veterinary world, tropical diseases spread by vectors are the main cause for morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Unwise use of pesticides has caused many negative impacts both in the form of resistance to the disease vectors and to the environment. The utilization of biological agents or natural enemies is generally known as biological control for pest organism . Biological control has been carried out in the area of agricultural and plantation, mainly using predators for pest insects. The use of parasitic and pathogenic agents in biological control appeared much later. Several natural enemies have reached the operational utilization or extensive trial stage. Among them are Bacillus thuringiensis and B. spahericus. Those showing prospect are fungi, such as Lagenidium giganteum with industrial scale prospect. Invertebrate predator Toxorhynchites sp. has a good natural control potency as shown by the experiment result in the field. The presence of effective and save biological control will extensively support the disease control. In this paper, the use of nematofagus fungus as an alternative for nematode control in the ruminant digestive system is used as an example. Key words: Parasitic disease, biological control, animal
The Philosophy of Living With Fungi Sukardi Hastiono
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2004): DECEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (689.824 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v14i4.799

Abstract

The philosophy of living with fungi is explained in this paper. An undeniable fact is that God creates living creatures in this world with purposes. Every creature, including fungus, has its own use and purpose. The presence of fungi, comprising mushrooms, moulds and yeast in human lives, including their advantages and disadvantages, makes human provided with intellect and thought by The Creator, observe, examine and dissect the fungus life as far as it can be done limited by the intellect and thought given. On fungi with advantages, human beings make effort to examine the behavior and characteristics so the creatures can be as far as possible used for human benefit and welfare.. Likewise, against fungi that have potency to cause disadvantages, for instance diseases, (mycoses, mycotoxicosis and fungus allergy) in human beings, animals, and plants, researches are directed to efforts in healing the diseases caused by the fungi, for example drugs for anti-fungus or similar kinds. In the later case, biological control by using other creatures with antagonistic characters has also been done by human beings. Using various more sophisticated technologies, human beings have future prospect in handling the fungi. The philosophy obtained from living with fungi is that in facing benefited fungi, human beings make effort to maximally utilize them, while in facing disadvantaged fungi, human beings seek solutions the disadvantages obtained can be eliminated or minimised as much as possible . Key words: Fungi, mushrooms, moulds, yeast, advantage, disadvantage, disease disturbance
Clostridial Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry Lily Natalia
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2004): DECEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1192.637 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v14i4.795

Abstract

Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens type A and C has been found in poultry flocks in Indonesia or throughout the world for many years. The disease is sometimes not recognized and often underestimated. Clostridium perfringens normally live harmlessly in the gut or intestines of healthy chickens, but a trigger factor that tips up the balance in favour of the clostridia) bacteria, allowing them to proliferate, produce toxin and cause the disease. Proliferation of Cl. perfringens or production of the alpha toxin may be enhanced by component present in chicken diets, or the diets may inactivate infestinal digestive enzymes, thereby decreasing the degradation of alpha toxin. In poultry, the disease is manifested as haemorrhagic and necrotic lesions in the gut wall, cholangiohepatitis, as well as increased mortality. Beside the clinical manifestation, subclinical clostridia) necrotic enteritis associated with impaired feed conversion and retarded or poor growth is usually found in the field. A number factors predisposing to the development of necrotic enteritis are physical factors which damage the gut lining (coccidiosis, intestinal worms, etc.), feed composition, changes in nutrient density or protein levels, and immunosuppresion which reduces resistance to gut infections . Impaired feed conversion, reduced live weight at slaughter and increased condemnation percentage were major cases of production losses associated with necrotic enteritis. Presently, the prevalence of necrotic enteritis appears to be increasing and pose a serious health problem which is responsible for significant economic losses . Prevention of necrotic enteritis requires a delicate balancing act to control those factors that collectively are responsible for the disease. Antibiotic, prebiotic, competitive exclusion, enzyme preparation, imunisation, mineral and vitamin supplements have been used in poultry for controlling necrotic enteritis. Key words: Clostridial necrotic enteritis, Clostridium perfringens, toxin, chicken
Antigent Type Variation of Salmonella Pullorum Found in Indonesiaand the Spread of Salmonella Serotypes in Chicken J Sri Poernomo
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2004): DECEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (885.961 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v14i4.796

Abstract

Salmonella pullorum (0,, 9,, 2 antigen structure) is the cause of pullorum disease attacking young ages under a month with a mortality rate between 20% and 80% and adult chickens act as carriers. The disease is spread horizontally and vertically trough the eggs from the hens to their chicks . Treatment with antibiotics and sulfa only reduces the infection, but it can not break the spreading cycle. The disease can be eliminated by conducting pullorum test on hens prior to egg laying . Hens with positive results (reactors) must be killed/removed from the farms. Pullorum antigen is made from S. pullorum . Suspension S. Pullorum has a somatic antigen structure (O) with varied factor 12 consisting of 12 1, 122 and 123 fractions thereby we recognize S. pullorum standard, i.e . S. pullorum possessing antigen structure with fraction 12 3 dominant, variant with fraction 122 dominant and intermediate of balance 12 2 and 123 If chickens in the field infected by S. pullorum variants are tested with S. Pullorum antigen standard, it is not detected and vice versa. Therefore, Pullorum antigen must contain S. pullorum antigen standard and variant known as polyvalent Pullorum antigen. In Indonesia, from 1971 to 1982, 25 isolates were isolated from fauns in Bogor, Jakarta, Bandung and Medan, and after bring tested serologically (fast agglutination) there were 5 isolates of S. Pullorum standard, 14 isolates of S. pullorum variant, 1 of the S. pullorum intermediate, and 5 isolates of rough shapes. Therefore, the Pullorum antigens used in Indonesia and the world generally colored polyvalent antigen S. pullorum standard and S. Pullorum and S. pullorum variant. In this paper, it is also reported the spread of Salmonella serotypes tested by at Research Institute for Veterinary Science from 1984 to 2003 . Key words: Salmonella pullorum, chicken, antigen S. pullorum

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