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Natural B
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
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Articles 14 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 1, No 1 (2011)" : 14 Documents clear
Design of CO2 Gas Measuring System Arinto Yudi Ponco Wardoyo; Setyawan Purnomo Sakti; Didik Rahadi Santoso
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (62.105 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.natural-b.2011.001.01.7

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been known well as a contributor gas for the global warming. Regarding the impact, the measurement of the CO2concentration in the air is very important for the assessment. This paper presents the design of a CO2 instrument built by using the components that are available in the market.  The instrument contains a CO2 sensor, an interfacing system, and a computer. The test showed that the instrument worked well. It could be used to measure a CO2 concentration on line and in real time. 
HIV/AIDS Dynamics Epidemic Analysis Through Age Group and Internal Competition Influence Marsudi Marsudi; Kwardiniya Andawaningtyas
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (60.347 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.natural-b.2011.001.01.9

Abstract

Transmission of HIV/AIDS in Indonesia has potential rounding into very hard. How situation of HIV/AIDS epidemics in Indonesia in future still is unclear. This research aims to analyze of HIV/AIDS epidemics dynamics with influence of age group and internal competition through the simple mathematics model. The SI compartment model is obtained by translating mechanism spreading of disease to be presented in the form of system of nonlinear differential equations. The model parameters obtained by estimation use data of HIV/AIDS in Indonesia from relevant literatures. The local and global stability for the equilibrium point is described use analysis of eigenvalues of Jacobian matrix and Lyapunov-LaSalle’s invariant principle. For the case of data of HIV/AIDS in Indonesia 2007, threshold values of infected reproduced ratio, R0= 0.000035 susceptible reproduced ratio, R1= 100.60235 and infection contact rate, R2=3.50192 The HIV/AIDS dynamics model with two age groups and internal competition has a unique disease-free equilibrium point. The disease-free equilibrium point E0*= (34258263.6455834, 0, 0) is locally asymptotically stable and global unstable.
Determining Effective Dose on Computed Tomography Scan (CT SCAN) in Head Scanning Firdi Yuana; Kusharto Kusno; Achmad Hidayat
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (12.371 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.natural-b.2011.001.01.11

Abstract

Computed Tomography Scan (CT scan) is a diagnostic tool that has very high information. CT scan image is the result of a computer reconstruction of X-ray images. CT scans are widely used to diagnose the disease in and the most commonly used is a CT scan of the head. Impact of CT scan radiation causes direct effects and effects for the patient further. This study aims to determine the effective dose in CT scan of the head at the hospital dr. Scan Soepraoen with Impact software in accordance with the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP). From the results of research conducted on 100 patients showed that the CT Scan Head Dose Length Product (DLP) male patients on average larger of 576 mgy / cm when compared with female patients DLP is 506 mgy / cm. The occurrence of this difference is influenced by the length of the exposure area in male patients on average larger than female patients. There are differences in the calculation of effective dose using ICRP Impact Scan for 103 and ICRP 60. To obtain the value of ICRP 103 1.20 mSv to 1.40 mSv, while for the ICRP 60 values obtained 1.20 mSv. These differences ranged from 0% to 16.7%. This is because the ICRP organ weighting factor 103 larger than the ICRO 60. In addition, the ICRP 60 value Dose Limit (NDB) was not reckoned with the dose derived from medical activity. Difference occur in the calculation of the value of effective dose using ICRP Impact Scan for 103 and ICRP 60. To obtain the value of ICRP 103 1.20 mSv to 1.40 mSv, while for the ICRP 60 values obtained 1.20 mSv. These differences ranged from 0% to 16.7%. This is because the ICRP organ weighting factor 103 greater than the ICRP 60. The results of this study obtained the value of effective dose CT scan of the head in accordance with international standards. This research is also a step synergistic cooperation between the hospitals with UB's Department of Physics.
The derivatization of α-Pinena: Synthesis of Organonitrogen Compounds and Study of Its Potential as a Drug Candidate Mohammad Farid Rahman; Rurini Retnowati; Suratmo Suratmo
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (68.068 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.natural-b.2011.001.01.10

Abstract

a-Pinene is the major compound in oil of turpentine that can be developed as the- starting material to synthesize compounds that have potential as organonitrogen ingredients through biological and physiological properties. Changes a-pinene into organonitrogen compounds can be carried out via addition reactions to the alkene group through Ritter reaction using acetonitrile or benzonitrile reagent. Carbocation rearrangement that occurs in reaction to direct the reaction products varies. a-Pinene reaction with acetonitrile to produce the compounds N-[1-Methyl-1-(4-methyl-cyclohex-3-enyl)-ethyl]-acetamide, N-(1,5-Dimethyl-1-vinyl-hex-4-enyl)-acetamide and N-(2,6,6-trimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1] hept-2-yl)-acetamide. While a-pinene reactions with benzonitrile to produce the compounds of N-(1,5-Dimethyl-1-vinyl-hex-4-enyl)-benzamide and N-[1-Methyl-1-(4-methyl-cyclohex-3-enyl)-ethyl]-benzamide. Reaction products with ingredients benzonitrile (LC50 = 203.86 ppm) has a higher toxicity than acetonitrile-based reaction product (LC50 = 504.80 ppm) based on the test Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT).

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