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Iqbal Syaichurrozi
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Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
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World Chemical Engineering Journal
Published by Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
ISSN : -     EISSN : 24432261     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.62870/wcej.v8i1.26617
Core Subject : Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering
WCEJ publishes original papers and reviewed papers on the fundamental, theoretical as well as applications of Chemical Engineering. WCEJ is published two times a year. This journal covering some aspects of chemical engineering, which are environmental chemical engineering, chemical reaction engineering, bioprocess-chemical engineering, materials synthesis and processing.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 92 Documents
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Utilization of Rice Husks as Green Amorphous Silica with Variations in the Addition of Sulfuric Acid and Citric Acid in the Acidification Process Marta Pramudita; Rosmiati Rosmiati; Mahulia Hasriyati; Widya Ernayatie; Alia Badra Pitaloka
World Chemical Engineering Journal VOLUME 10 NO. 1 JUNE 2026
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/wcej.v1i1.40736

Abstract

The acidification step in silica extraction from rice husks typically uses strong mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid, which pose safety risks and environmental concerns. Citric acid, a weak organic acid, is a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative for this process. This study aimed to produce green amorphous silica (GAS) from rice husk waste using the sol-gel method and to compare the effects of sulfuric acid and citric acid during the acidifying step. Rice husks were calcined at 700°C, acid-pretreated to pH 1, extracted with 1 M NaOH, and neutralized with either 1 M H₂SO₄ or 1 M C₆H₈O₇. The resulting silica powders were characterized using XRF, XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. The SiO₂ content reached 95.22 % by mass with sulfuric acid and 93.59 % with citric acid. XRD revealed that sulfuric acid produced a poorly crystalline phase, whereas citric acid maintained a fully amorphous structure. SEM images showed uniform nanoparticles (~50–80 nm) for the sulfuric acid route, whereas citric acid produced more agglomerated clusters. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of siloxane bonds in both samples; however, citric acid-derived silica exhibited residual carboxylate bands and less extensive condensation. Overall, sulfuric acid produced purer, more uniform silica suitable for high-performance applications. In contrast, citric acid proved a viable, greener alternative for preserving the amorphous state, suggesting that further process optimization could enhance its competitiveness in sustainable silica synthesis.
Comparative Evaluation of HETP in Ethanol–Water Distillation Using the Fenske and McCabe–Thiele Methods under Ideal and Non-Ideal Conditions Hendrini Pujiastuti; Sarah Rafidah; Heri Heriyanto; Nufus Kanani; Vitro Rahmat; Claudia Shinta Wibowo; Haroki Madani
World Chemical Engineering Journal VOLUME 10 NO. 1 JUNE 2026
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/wcej.v1i1.40222

Abstract

Height Equivalent to a Theoretical Plate (HETP) is widely used to assess mass-transfer performance in packed distillation columns by expressing the packing height needed to provide the separation effect of one ideal stage. Therefore, reliable HETP estimation is important for interpreting column efficiency and for supporting distillation-column design and evaluation.. This study evaluates HETP determination in an ethanol–water distillation system using three approaches, namely the Fenske method, and the McCabe–Thiele method under ideal and non-ideal conditions. The experiment was conducted under total reflux to obtain minimum theoretical stages, while ethanol composition in the feed, distillate, and residue was determined from a standard curve relating corrected refractive index to ethanol mole fraction. The feed was prepared from equal volumes of ethanol and distilled water, each 150 mL. The calibration data were represented by a polynomial equation with R² = 0.997. From this relationship, the ethanol mole fractions were estimated as 0.1949 in the feed, 0.3339 in the distillate, and 0.1588 in the residue.. Using these composition values, the Fenske calculation gave 1.1775 theoretical stages with an HETP of 281.7535 cm/plate. The ideal McCabe-Thiele construction resulted in 1.0501 stages and an HETP of 998.8858 cm/plate, whereas the non-ideal McCabe-Thiele construction produced 0.3894 stages and a negative HETP value of -81.8839 cm/plate..These discrepancies indicate that HETP determination is highly sensitive to the selected stage-estimation model and to the reliability of experimental composition data, particularly when refractive-index-based residue measurements are used. The physically unrealistic negative HETP obtained from the non-ideal McCabe–Thiele approach further emphasizes the need for critical evaluation of model assumptions and experimental uncertainty when interpreting HETP values for laboratory-scale ethanol–water distillation.

Page 10 of 10 | Total Record : 92

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