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INDONESIA
Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 23375701     EISSN : 2337 5701     DOI : -
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Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (IJCP) is a scientific publication on all aspect of clinical pharmacy. It published 4 times a year by Clinical Pharmacy Master Program Universitas Padjadjaran to provide a forum for clinicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking and a more collaborative approach in patient care. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy is intended to feature quality research articles in clinical pharmacy to become scientific guide in fields related to clinical pharmacy. It is a peer-reviewed journal and publishes original research articles, review articles, case reports, commentaries, and brief research communications on all aspects of Clinical Pharmacy. It is also a media for publicizing meetings and news relating to advances in Clinical Pharmacy in the regions.
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Studi Nilai AgNOR dan MIB-1 pada Kanker Payudara yang Ditangani dengan Operasi Kurnia, Iin; Soetrisno, Esti; Yulian, Erwin D.; Ramli, Irwan; Alatas, Zubaidah
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

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Abstract

AgNOR dan MIB-1 adalah marker proliferasi sel kanker payudara yang berguna sebagai dasar pemberian radioterapi setelah operasi. Penetapan nilai AgNOR dan indeks MIB-1 dilakukan dengan teknik pewarnaan dan teknik pewarnaan imunohistokimia MIB-1 terhadap 25 sediaan mikroskopik jaringan kanker payudara dari penderita hasil operasi, dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan derajat diferensiasinya menjadi 3 kelompok sediaan berderajat diferensiasi baik (G1), 16 sediaan berderajat diferensiasi menengah (G2), dan 6 sediaan berderajat diferensiasi buruk (antara G2 dan G3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai AgNOR dan indeks MIB-1 cenderung meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya derajat diferensiasi. Terdapat pula kecendrungan korelasi positif antara nilai AgNOR dan indeks MIB-1 (r =0,21) pada seluruh derajat diferensiasi, terdapat korelasi negatif antara AgNOR dan MIB-1 pada G1 (r=-0,97), korelasi positif pada G2 (r=0,36) serta korelasi positif antara G2 dan G3 (r=0,33). Korelasi positif antara AgNOR dan MIB-1 terkait dengan peningkatan fase G1, S dan G2 pada sel yang berproliferasi dan peningkatan jumlah sel yang mengalami mitosis. Korelasi negatif disebabkan oleh perbedaan proporsi antara sel yang berada pada fase G1, S dan G2 dengan yang sedang bermitosisKata kunci: Kanker payudara, AgNOR, MIB-1, operasi Study of AgNOR Value and MIB-1 in Breast CancerTreated With Surgery AbstractAgNOR and MIB-1 are marker for breast cancer cell proliferation and can be use as based for radiotherapytreatment after surgery. Value of AgNOR and MIB-1 index were determined using staining and immunohistochemistry staining method respectively from 25 of microscopic slides of breast cancer tissue patients with surgery, and grouped based on degree of differentiation, 3 slides were good degree (G1), 16 slides were medium degree (G2) and 6 slides were poor degree (between G2 and G3). The result shown that the value of AgNOR and MIB-1 index were tended to increase with the increased differentiation degree. There was a positive correlation between the value of AgNOR and index of MIB-1 in all group of differentiation degree (r = 0.21), there is a negative correlation between AgNOR and MIB-1 on G1 (r =-0,97), positive correlation in G2 (r = 0.36) as well as positive correlation between G2 and G3 (r = 0.33). The positive correlation between AgNOR and MIB-1 were associated to the increased of G1, S and G2 phase in the proliferation cell and an increase of cells undergoing mitosis. The negative correlation were caused by the different cell proportion in G1, S and G2 phase, and undergoing mitotis.Key words: Breast cancer, AgNOR, MIB-1, surgery
Monitoring Terapi Warfarin pada Pasien Pelayanan Jantung pada Rumah Sakit di Bandung Putri, Norisca A.; Lestari, Keri; Diantini, Ajeng; Rusdiana, Taofik
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui monitoring terapi warfarin untuk menjamin ketepatan dosis,keamanan terapi, dan mengetahui apakah dosis terapi warfarin yang digunakan telah memenuhi kriteria  penggunaan obat warfarin yang rasional. Derajat antikogulasi setiap pasien diukur dengan parameter waktu protrombin yang dinyatakan dengan International Normalized Ratio (INR). Metode Penelitian meliputi monitoring terapi warfarin terhadap 80 pasien di pelayanan jantung melalui PT-INR, pendataanklinis pasien meliputi, usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan, tinggi badan, jenis penyakit, dosis yang digunakan dan obat lain yang dikonsumsi secara bersamaan. Hasil monitoring menunjukkan rata-rata INR pasien yaitu 1,38± 0,42 hasil ANAVA (α = 0,05) menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh dosis terhadap INR(p=0,13) tetapi ada pengaruh pada umur (p =0,014), hasil uji beda (α = 0,05) menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan terhadap rata-rata INR berdasarkan jenis kelamin (p =0,051), umur (p =0,397), dan variasi dosis (p = 0,057). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa dosis warfarin belum mencapai target terapi INR (2–3).Kata kunci: Warfarin, penyakit trombotik, PT-INR Warfarin Therapy Monitoring of Cardiac Care Patients in Hospital in BandungAbstractThe aims of this study were to identify the rational warfarin monitoring therapy to guarantee the rightdose, therapy security, and whether the dose of warfarin therapy has completed the rational criteria ornot. Degree of antikoagulasi for each patient is measured with protombin time as International Normalized Ratio (INR). The methods consist of warfarin monitoring therapy towards 80 patients at the heart service through the PT-INR constant, medical data, such as age, gender, weight, height, type of the disease, dose usage and another medicine which is used together, and statistical test of the average of INR. The monitoring result shows that patient’s INR average is 1,38 ±0,42, the result of ANAVA (α=0,05)shows that there’s no impact of dose towards INR (p=0,13) but there’s an INR average impact basedon gender (p=0,051), age (p=0,397) and dose variation (p=0,057). The results shown that warfarin dose which used is not bleeding risk.Key words: Warfarin, trombotic disease, PT-INR
Peran Kepemimpinan dan Employee Engagement terhadap Kinerja Individual Karyawan Instalasi Farmasi Rahayu, Susi A.; Surahman, Emma
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

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Abstract

Ketidakpuasan karyawan terhadap kepala instalasi dapat menyebabkan kinerja karyawan menurun dan ketidakpuasan pelanggan. Salah satu cara  meningkatkan kinerja karyawan adalah denganmerasa terikat terhadap pekerjaannya (employee engagement). Salah satu faktor untuk meningkatkanemployee engagement adalah faktor kepemimpinan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja individual karyawan instalasi farmasi rumah sakit serta pengaruh employee engagement sebagai mediator. Sebanyak 79 karyawan instalasi farmasi dari dua rumah sakit swasta di Kota Bandung menjadi partisipan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik partial least square untuk menguji hubungan hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat signifikansi antara kepemimpinan terhadap employee engagement (t value (12,84) > t-tabel (1,64)), signifikansi employee engagement terhadap kinerja individual (t value (3,83) > t-tabel (1,64)). Kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja individual (t value (0,45) < t-tabel (1,64)) tidak terdapat pengaruh dan signifikansinya. Employee engagement memediasi hubungan antara kepemimpinan dan kinerja individual.Kata kunci: Kepemimpinan, employee engagement, kinerja individual Role of Leadership and Employee Engagement towards Individual Performance of Pharmacy EmployeesAbstractEmployees dissatisfaction to the head of the hospital pharmacy will decrease employees performanceand unsatisfied customers. To solve the problems, employees should be based on performance as customer expectations in providing services. One of the ways to improve the performance of the employees, they must feel engage to the work. One of the factors to improve employee engagement isthe leadership factor. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of leadership on individual performance employee in hospital pharmacy and also the influence of employee engagement as a mediator. A total of 79 employees from the pharmacy in two private hospitals in Bandung became theparticipants. This study used the technique of partial least squares to test the hypothesized relationships.The results showed that there were significant between leadership to employee engagement (t value (12,84) > t-table (1.64)), the significance of employee engagement on individual performance (t value (3.83) > t-table (1.64)). In contrast, there was no influence and significance in leadership on individual performance (t value (0.45) < t-table (1.64)). Employee engagement fully mediated the relationshipbetween leadership and individual performance. Therefore, improving pharmacy services is a set of actions and involvement of pharmacy employees who are consistent, sustainable and clear. Key words: Leadership, employee engagement, individual performance
Effect of Counseling on Health Related Quality of Life on Haemodialysis Patients Sivakumar, Ramakrishanan; Stephen, Merin M.; Sreedas, Sreedas; Joseph, Rajesh
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (581.719 KB)

Abstract

End stage renal disease affects two million patients worldwide. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) has recently become a major indicator of health and well-being of patients with kidney disease. The present goal for the treatment of patients with ESRD is not simply to prolong life, but also to provide a better HRQoL. This goal can be achieved through patient counseling. A simple prospective study was used to examine the effect of patient counseling on HRQoL of hemodialysis patients. In the study, a Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire and clinical parameters were used for 52 hemodialysis patients to assess the HRQoL before and after patient counseling. All the Patients were kept under observation for a period of three months to study the effect of patient counseling. After three months period of counseling a significant (p<0.05) improvement was observed for hemodialysis patients. Also HRQoL score was higher for hemodialysis patients after counseling. This study concluded that knowledge of the disease and its management through patient counseling could improve the HRQoL of hemodialysis patients.Key words: Chronic renal failure, patient education, quality life improvement Pengaruh Konseling terhadap Health Related Quality of Life pada Pasien HemodialisisAbstrakPenyakit ginjal pada stadium akhir (End Stage Renal Disease/ESDR) memengaruhi dua juta pasien di seluruh dunia. Saat ini health related quality of life (HRQoL) telah menjadi indikator utama kesehatandan kesejahteraaan pasien dengan penyakit ginjal. Tujuan pengobatan pasien ESDR tidak hanya untukmemperpanjang usia harapan hidup namun juga untuk menyediakan HRQoL yang lebih baik. Tujuan ini dapat dicapai melalui konseling pasien. Sebuah studi prospektif dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh dari konseling pasien pada HRQOL dari pasien hemodialisis. Dalam studi ini, sebuah kuesioner Short Form-36 (SF-36) dan parameter klinik digunakan pada 52 pasien hemodialisis untuk menilai HRQOL sebelum dan sesudah konseling. Seluruh pasien diamati dalam jangka waktu tiga bulan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konseling tersebut. Setelah tiga bulan proses konseling diperoleh peningkatan nilai HRQoL yang signifikan (p <0,05) pada pasien hemodialisis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan tentang penyakit dan manajemen melalui konseling pasien bisa meningkatkan HRQoL pada pasien hemodialisis.Kata kunci: Gagal ginjal kronis, edukasi pasien, peningkatan kualitas hidup
Potensi Interaksi Obat Resep Pasien Geriatri: Studi Retrospektif pada Apotek di Bandung Annisa, Nurul; Abdulah, Rizky
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

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Abstract

Usia geriatri merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan terhadap masalah-masalah yang terkait denganpenggunaan obat, salah satunya adalah kejadian interaksi obat-obat. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan studi untuk mengetahui interaksi potensial obat-obat. Data diproses melalui www.drugs.comdatabase.Evaluasi ini memaparkan prevalensi dan mengklasifikasikan jenis interaksi potensial berdasarkan level interaksi dan spesialisasi medik. Dari total 29.839 resep dari tujuh apotek di kota Bandung diperoleh 334 lembar resep geriatri (1,12%). Dari resep geriatri tersebut, tedapat 4 lembar resep (1,20%) dengan jumlah 1 R/ yang artinya pada resep ini tidak berpotensi untuk terjadi interaksi. Sedangkan jumlah R/pada lembar resep yang mengandung lebih dari 1 R/ adalah 1.136 dengan rata-rata jumlah R/ pada setiap lembar resep adalah 3,40. Sebanyak 131 lembar resep terdapat interaksi potensial obat-obat sebesar 39,22%. Total interaksi potensial yang terjadi adalah 210 interaksi. Interaksi potensial moderate adalah sebanyak 187 (89,05%) sedangkan severe sebanyak 23 (10,95%). Kejadian potensi interaksi moderate dan severe pada kelompok spesialisasi medik umum adalah sebanyak 85,00%, penyakit dalam 8,40%, kardiologi 2,30%, THT 2,30%, syaraf 0,76% dan gigi 0,76%.Kata kunci: Interaksi obat-obat, apotek, geriatri Potency of Drugs Interaction among Geriatric Patients Prescribing: Retrospective Study in Pharmacies in BandungAbstractGeriatric age is an age group that vulnerable to the problems which associated with drug use, one of them is the incidence of drug-drug interactions. This research, conducted to determine potential drugdruginteractions. Data processed through www.drugs.comdatabase. This evaluation explain the prevalence and classify types of potential interactions based on the level of interactions and medical specialities. Based on the total of 29.839 prescriptions from seven pharmacies in the Bandung city obtained 334 prescription sheet of geriatrics (1.12%) and from that geriatric prescriptions, there are 4 prescriptionssheets (1.20 %) that contain 1 R/, which means that in this prescriptions is do not have any potential forinteraction. The number of R/ on prescription sheets which contain more than 1 R / is 1.136 with an average number of R/ on each sheet prescriptions is 3.40. Total of 131 (39.22%) sheets of prescriptionscontain potential drug-drug interaction. Total potential interactions that occur are 210 interactions. Themoderate interaction potential is 187 (89.05%), while severe as much as 23 (10.95%). The incidence ofmoderate and severe potential interaction in the group of medical specialities are 85.50% interactionsin general practitioners, 8.40% in internist, 2.30% in cardiologist, 2.30% in ENT, 0.76% in neurologistsand 0.76% in dentist.Key words: Drug-drug interactions, community pharmacies, geriatrics
Monitoring Terapi Warfarin pada Pasien Pelayanan Jantung pada Rumah Sakit di Bandung Putri, Norisca A.; Lestari, Keri; Diantini, Ajeng; Rusdiana, Taofik
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (655.259 KB)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui monitoring terapi warfarin untuk menjamin ketepatan dosis,keamanan terapi, dan mengetahui apakah dosis terapi warfarin yang digunakan telah memenuhi kriteria  penggunaan obat warfarin yang rasional. Derajat antikogulasi setiap pasien diukur dengan parameter waktu protrombin yang dinyatakan dengan International Normalized Ratio (INR). Metode Penelitian meliputi monitoring terapi warfarin terhadap 80 pasien di pelayanan jantung melalui PT-INR, pendataanklinis pasien meliputi, usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan, tinggi badan, jenis penyakit, dosis yang digunakan dan obat lain yang dikonsumsi secara bersamaan. Hasil monitoring menunjukkan rata-rata INR pasien yaitu 1,38± 0,42 hasil ANAVA (α = 0,05) menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh dosis terhadap INR(p=0,13) tetapi ada pengaruh pada umur (p =0,014), hasil uji beda (α = 0,05) menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan terhadap rata-rata INR berdasarkan jenis kelamin (p =0,051), umur (p =0,397), dan variasi dosis (p = 0,057). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa dosis warfarin belum mencapai target terapi INR (2–3).Kata kunci: Warfarin, penyakit trombotik, PT-INR Warfarin Therapy Monitoring of Cardiac Care Patients in Hospital in BandungAbstractThe aims of this study were to identify the rational warfarin monitoring therapy to guarantee the rightdose, therapy security, and whether the dose of warfarin therapy has completed the rational criteria ornot. Degree of antikoagulasi for each patient is measured with protombin time as International Normalized Ratio (INR). The methods consist of warfarin monitoring therapy towards 80 patients at the heart service through the PT-INR constant, medical data, such as age, gender, weight, height, type of the disease, dose usage and another medicine which is used together, and statistical test of the average of INR. The monitoring result shows that patient’s INR average is 1,38 ±0,42, the result of ANAVA (α=0,05)shows that there’s no impact of dose towards INR (p=0,13) but there’s an INR average impact basedon gender (p=0,051), age (p=0,397) and dose variation (p=0,057). The results shown that warfarin dose which used is not bleeding risk.Key words: Warfarin, trombotic disease, PT-INR
Peran Kepemimpinan dan Employee Engagement terhadap Kinerja Individual Karyawan Instalasi Farmasi Susi A. Rahayu; Emma Surahman
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Ketidakpuasan karyawan terhadap kepala instalasi dapat menyebabkan kinerja karyawan menurun dan ketidakpuasan pelanggan. Salah satu cara  meningkatkan kinerja karyawan adalah denganmerasa terikat terhadap pekerjaannya (employee engagement). Salah satu faktor untuk meningkatkanemployee engagement adalah faktor kepemimpinan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja individual karyawan instalasi farmasi rumah sakit serta pengaruh employee engagement sebagai mediator. Sebanyak 79 karyawan instalasi farmasi dari dua rumah sakit swasta di Kota Bandung menjadi partisipan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik partial least square untuk menguji hubungan hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat signifikansi antara kepemimpinan terhadap employee engagement (t value (12,84) > t-tabel (1,64)), signifikansi employee engagement terhadap kinerja individual (t value (3,83) > t-tabel (1,64)). Kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja individual (t value (0,45) < t-tabel (1,64)) tidak terdapat pengaruh dan signifikansinya. Employee engagement memediasi hubungan antara kepemimpinan dan kinerja individual.Kata kunci: Kepemimpinan, employee engagement, kinerja individual Role of Leadership and Employee Engagement towards Individual Performance of Pharmacy EmployeesAbstractEmployees dissatisfaction to the head of the hospital pharmacy will decrease employees performanceand unsatisfied customers. To solve the problems, employees should be based on performance as customer expectations in providing services. One of the ways to improve the performance of the employees, they must feel engage to the work. One of the factors to improve employee engagement isthe leadership factor. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of leadership on individual performance employee in hospital pharmacy and also the influence of employee engagement as a mediator. A total of 79 employees from the pharmacy in two private hospitals in Bandung became theparticipants. This study used the technique of partial least squares to test the hypothesized relationships.The results showed that there were significant between leadership to employee engagement (t value (12,84) > t-table (1.64)), the significance of employee engagement on individual performance (t value (3.83) > t-table (1.64)). In contrast, there was no influence and significance in leadership on individual performance (t value (0.45) < t-table (1.64)). Employee engagement fully mediated the relationshipbetween leadership and individual performance. Therefore, improving pharmacy services is a set of actions and involvement of pharmacy employees who are consistent, sustainable and clear. Key words: Leadership, employee engagement, individual performance
Effect of Counseling on Health Related Quality of Life on Haemodialysis Patients Ramakrishanan Sivakumar; Merin M. Stephen; Sreedas Sreedas; Rajesh Joseph
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (581.719 KB)

Abstract

End stage renal disease affects two million patients worldwide. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) has recently become a major indicator of health and well-being of patients with kidney disease. The present goal for the treatment of patients with ESRD is not simply to prolong life, but also to provide a better HRQoL. This goal can be achieved through patient counseling. A simple prospective study was used to examine the effect of patient counseling on HRQoL of hemodialysis patients. In the study, a Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire and clinical parameters were used for 52 hemodialysis patients to assess the HRQoL before and after patient counseling. All the Patients were kept under observation for a period of three months to study the effect of patient counseling. After three months period of counseling a significant (p<0.05) improvement was observed for hemodialysis patients. Also HRQoL score was higher for hemodialysis patients after counseling. This study concluded that knowledge of the disease and its management through patient counseling could improve the HRQoL of hemodialysis patients.Key words: Chronic renal failure, patient education, quality life improvement Pengaruh Konseling terhadap Health Related Quality of Life pada Pasien HemodialisisAbstrakPenyakit ginjal pada stadium akhir (End Stage Renal Disease/ESDR) memengaruhi dua juta pasien di seluruh dunia. Saat ini health related quality of life (HRQoL) telah menjadi indikator utama kesehatandan kesejahteraaan pasien dengan penyakit ginjal. Tujuan pengobatan pasien ESDR tidak hanya untukmemperpanjang usia harapan hidup namun juga untuk menyediakan HRQoL yang lebih baik. Tujuan ini dapat dicapai melalui konseling pasien. Sebuah studi prospektif dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh dari konseling pasien pada HRQOL dari pasien hemodialisis. Dalam studi ini, sebuah kuesioner Short Form-36 (SF-36) dan parameter klinik digunakan pada 52 pasien hemodialisis untuk menilai HRQOL sebelum dan sesudah konseling. Seluruh pasien diamati dalam jangka waktu tiga bulan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konseling tersebut. Setelah tiga bulan proses konseling diperoleh peningkatan nilai HRQoL yang signifikan (p <0,05) pada pasien hemodialisis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan tentang penyakit dan manajemen melalui konseling pasien bisa meningkatkan HRQoL pada pasien hemodialisis.Kata kunci: Gagal ginjal kronis, edukasi pasien, peningkatan kualitas hidup
Potensi Interaksi Obat Resep Pasien Geriatri: Studi Retrospektif pada Apotek di Bandung Nurul Annisa; Rizky Abdulah
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (559.853 KB)

Abstract

Usia geriatri merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan terhadap masalah-masalah yang terkait denganpenggunaan obat, salah satunya adalah kejadian interaksi obat-obat. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan studi untuk mengetahui interaksi potensial obat-obat. Data diproses melalui www.drugs.comdatabase.Evaluasi ini memaparkan prevalensi dan mengklasifikasikan jenis interaksi potensial berdasarkan level interaksi dan spesialisasi medik. Dari total 29.839 resep dari tujuh apotek di kota Bandung diperoleh 334 lembar resep geriatri (1,12%). Dari resep geriatri tersebut, tedapat 4 lembar resep (1,20%) dengan jumlah 1 R/ yang artinya pada resep ini tidak berpotensi untuk terjadi interaksi. Sedangkan jumlah R/pada lembar resep yang mengandung lebih dari 1 R/ adalah 1.136 dengan rata-rata jumlah R/ pada setiap lembar resep adalah 3,40. Sebanyak 131 lembar resep terdapat interaksi potensial obat-obat sebesar 39,22%. Total interaksi potensial yang terjadi adalah 210 interaksi. Interaksi potensial moderate adalah sebanyak 187 (89,05%) sedangkan severe sebanyak 23 (10,95%). Kejadian potensi interaksi moderate dan severe pada kelompok spesialisasi medik umum adalah sebanyak 85,00%, penyakit dalam 8,40%, kardiologi 2,30%, THT 2,30%, syaraf 0,76% dan gigi 0,76%.Kata kunci: Interaksi obat-obat, apotek, geriatri Potency of Drugs Interaction among Geriatric Patients Prescribing: Retrospective Study in Pharmacies in BandungAbstractGeriatric age is an age group that vulnerable to the problems which associated with drug use, one of them is the incidence of drug-drug interactions. This research, conducted to determine potential drugdruginteractions. Data processed through www.drugs.comdatabase. This evaluation explain the prevalence and classify types of potential interactions based on the level of interactions and medical specialities. Based on the total of 29.839 prescriptions from seven pharmacies in the Bandung city obtained 334 prescription sheet of geriatrics (1.12%) and from that geriatric prescriptions, there are 4 prescriptionssheets (1.20 %) that contain 1 R/, which means that in this prescriptions is do not have any potential forinteraction. The number of R/ on prescription sheets which contain more than 1 R / is 1.136 with an average number of R/ on each sheet prescriptions is 3.40. Total of 131 (39.22%) sheets of prescriptionscontain potential drug-drug interaction. Total potential interactions that occur are 210 interactions. Themoderate interaction potential is 187 (89.05%), while severe as much as 23 (10.95%). The incidence ofmoderate and severe potential interaction in the group of medical specialities are 85.50% interactionsin general practitioners, 8.40% in internist, 2.30% in cardiologist, 2.30% in ENT, 0.76% in neurologistsand 0.76% in dentist.Key words: Drug-drug interactions, community pharmacies, geriatrics
Studi Nilai AgNOR dan MIB-1 pada Kanker Payudara yang Ditangani dengan Operasi Kurnia, Iin; Soetrisno, Esti; Yulian, Erwin D.; Ramli, Irwan; Alatas, Zubaidah
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

AgNOR dan MIB-1 adalah marker proliferasi sel kanker payudara yang berguna sebagai dasar pemberian radioterapi setelah operasi. Penetapan nilai AgNOR dan indeks MIB-1 dilakukan dengan teknik pewarnaan dan teknik pewarnaan imunohistokimia MIB-1 terhadap 25 sediaan mikroskopik jaringan kanker payudara dari penderita hasil operasi, dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan derajat diferensiasinya menjadi 3 kelompok sediaan berderajat diferensiasi baik (G1), 16 sediaan berderajat diferensiasi menengah (G2), dan 6 sediaan berderajat diferensiasi buruk (antara G2 dan G3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai AgNOR dan indeks MIB-1 cenderung meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya derajat diferensiasi. Terdapat pula kecendrungan korelasi positif antara nilai AgNOR dan indeks MIB-1 (r =0,21) pada seluruh derajat diferensiasi, terdapat korelasi negatif antara AgNOR dan MIB-1 pada G1 (r=-0,97), korelasi positif pada G2 (r=0,36) serta korelasi positif antara G2 dan G3 (r=0,33). Korelasi positif antara AgNOR dan MIB-1 terkait dengan peningkatan fase G1, S dan G2 pada sel yang berproliferasi dan peningkatan jumlah sel yang mengalami mitosis. Korelasi negatif disebabkan oleh perbedaan proporsi antara sel yang berada pada fase G1, S dan G2 dengan yang sedang bermitosisKata kunci: Kanker payudara, AgNOR, MIB-1, operasi Study of AgNOR Value and MIB-1 in Breast CancerTreated With Surgery AbstractAgNOR and MIB-1 are marker for breast cancer cell proliferation and can be use as based for radiotherapytreatment after surgery. Value of AgNOR and MIB-1 index were determined using staining and immunohistochemistry staining method respectively from 25 of microscopic slides of breast cancer tissue patients with surgery, and grouped based on degree of differentiation, 3 slides were good degree (G1), 16 slides were medium degree (G2) and 6 slides were poor degree (between G2 and G3). The result shown that the value of AgNOR and MIB-1 index were tended to increase with the increased differentiation degree. There was a positive correlation between the value of AgNOR and index of MIB-1 in all group of differentiation degree (r = 0.21), there is a negative correlation between AgNOR and MIB-1 on G1 (r =-0,97), positive correlation in G2 (r = 0.36) as well as positive correlation between G2 and G3 (r = 0.33). The positive correlation between AgNOR and MIB-1 were associated to the increased of G1, S and G2 phase in the proliferation cell and an increase of cells undergoing mitosis. The negative correlation were caused by the different cell proportion in G1, S and G2 phase, and undergoing mitotis.Key words: Breast cancer, AgNOR, MIB-1, surgery

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