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INDONESIA
Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 23375701     EISSN : 2337 5701     DOI : -
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Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (IJCP) is a scientific publication on all aspect of clinical pharmacy. It published 4 times a year by Clinical Pharmacy Master Program Universitas Padjadjaran to provide a forum for clinicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking and a more collaborative approach in patient care. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy is intended to feature quality research articles in clinical pharmacy to become scientific guide in fields related to clinical pharmacy. It is a peer-reviewed journal and publishes original research articles, review articles, case reports, commentaries, and brief research communications on all aspects of Clinical Pharmacy. It is also a media for publicizing meetings and news relating to advances in Clinical Pharmacy in the regions.
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Artikel Review: Interaksi Silang Pensinyalan Wnt dan TGF-β pada Kanker Prostat Luthfi H. Siwi; Imam A. Wicaksono; Riezki Amalia
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.4.341

Abstract

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kanker dapat dipengaruhi oleh perubahan jalur pensinyalan. Dua pensinyalan utama yang mengalami perubahan pada kanker adalah pensinyalan Wnt dan TGF-β. Pensinyalan Wnt memiliki peran dalam proliferasi dan apoptosis sel, sedangkan pensinyalan TGF-β memiliki peran dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumor. Interaksi silang kedua pensinyalan ini berhubungan dengan perkembangan dan pertumbuhan sel kanker, termasuk kanker prostat. Artikel ini membahas peran pensinyalan Wnt dan TGF-β, serta interaksi silang antara keduanya pada kanker prostat. Kajian pustaka ini membahas peran pensinyalan Wnt dan TGF-β, serta interaksi silang antara keduanya pada kanker prostat. Kajian dilakukan terhadap 30 artikel yang didapatkan melalui pencarian artikel dengan kata kunci “Prostate cancer, Signaling pathways, Wnt in prostate cancer, TGF-β in prostate cancer, Crosstalk between TGF-β and Wnt in prostate cancer, TCF/LEF and β-catenin, TGF-β in cancer, Androgen Receptor Wnt Prostate Cancer, Androgen Receptor TGF-β Prostate Cancer”. Sebagai simpulan bahwa interaksi silang antara Wnt dan TGF-β pada kanker prostat terjadi pada jalur kanonik dan non kanonik dengan beberapa protein yang terlibat pada kedua pensinyalan tersebut serta dapat dimediasi oleh beberapa pensinyalan lain seperti PI3K, RAS/MAPK dan AR. Interaksi silang pensinyalan Wnt dan TGF-β berperan penting dalam perkembangan dan progresi kanker prostat, dan kajian pustaka ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan terapeutik tertarget pada kanker prostat.Kata kunci: Reseptor androgen, interaksi silang, kanker prostat, pensinyalan TGF-β, pensinyalan Wnt Review Article: Crosstalk Between Wnt And TGF-β Signaling in Prostate CancerAbstractThe growth and development of cancer is capable of impact by signaling pathways changes, including the WNT and TGF-β primary signaling. Furthermore, WNT signaling influences cell proliferation and apoptosis, while TGF-β inhibits tumors progress and advancement, and the cross-interaction of both signaling is associated with expansion of tumor cells, including prostate cancer. This literature study explores the role of WNT and TGF-β signaling, and relationship between the two in prostate cancer. The method employed included search for articles with the keywords “Prostate cancer, Signaling pathways, WNT in Prostate cancer, TGF-β in Prostate cancer, Crosstalk between TGF-β and Wnt in Prostate cancer, TCF/LEF and β-catenin, TGF-β in cancer, Androgen Receptor WNT Prostate Cancer, Androgen Receptor TGF-β Prostate Cancer”. Also, 30 of the 459 articles employed in this research revealed Wnt signaling, TGF-β and the connection with prostate cancer. The results indicated crosstalk between Wnt and TGF-β in prostate cancer occurs in the canonical and noncanonical pathways with some involved proteins, and is capable of mediation by other signaling including PI3K, RAS/MAPK and AR. Also, the crosstalk of Wnt and TGF-β signaling is significant in the growth and progression of prostate cancer, therefore this study is anticipated as the foundation of targeted prostate cancer therapeutic development.Keywords: Androgen receptor, crosstalk, prostate cancer, TGF-β signaling, Wnt signaling
Analysis of Antiemetic Premedication Administration Timing on Nausea and Vomiting Incidence among Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy Mahardian Rahmadi; Indira D. Kharismawati; Heru Purwanto; Irvina Harini; Suharjono Suharjono; Chris Alderman
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.4.298

Abstract

The risk factors affecting chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) includes antiemetic premedication time pattern, and this study investigates the capability of enhancing this in breast cancer patients receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). Furthermore, this observational research was implemented at the oncology unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya over a three-month period involving 69 female patients. The results showed unspecific antiemetic premedication timing in comparison to those with recommended timeframes, was connected with greater occurrence of both acute nausea in all cycles of chemotherapy (p<0.05), and acute vomiting in second and third cycles (p<0.05) but not in the first cycle (p=0.49). However, specific time administration of antiemetic treatment was linked with lower incidence of delayed nausea in all cycles (p<0.05), and less delayed vomiting in second and third cycles (p<0.05) but not in first cycle (p=0.10). These findings indicate specific time administration of antiemetic drugs causes significant advantages in mitigating CINV among breast cancer patients treated with emetogenic chemotherapy, and significantly lessened the occurrence of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting.Keywords: Antiemetic premedication timing, breast cancer, CINV, nausea and vomiting Analisis Waktu Pemberian Premedikasi Antiemetik terhadap Kejadian Mual Muntah pada Pasien Kanker Payudara yang Mendapatkan Kemoterapi AbstrakKemoterapi dapat menginduksi mual muntah (chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, CINV) yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Salah satu faktornya adalah waktu pemberian premedikasi antiemetik yang dapat meningkatkan kejadian CINV pada pasien kanker payudara yang menerima kemoterapi. Studi ini menganalisis waktu pemberian premedikasi antiemetik terhadap kejadian mual dan muntah yang terjadi pada pasien kanker payudara yang mendapatkan kemoterapi dengan tingkat emetogenik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional prospektif dilakukan di Poli Onkologi Satu Atap RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya selama periode pengambilan data tiga bulan dan melibatkan 69 wanita kanker payudara yang mendapat kemoterapi dengan tingkat emetogenik yang tinggi. Pemberian premedikasi antiemetik dengan waktu yang tidak spesifik, meningkatkan kejadian mual akut pada semua siklus dengan p<0,05 dan pada kejadian muntah akut pada siklus kedua dan ketiga (p<0,05), namun tidak pada siklus pertama kemoterapi (p=0,49). Pemberian premedikasi antiemetik dengan waktu spesifik dapat menurunkan kejadian mual tertunda di siklus pertama hingga ketiga (p<0,05) dan pada kejadian muntah tertunda pada siklus kedua dan ketiga (p<0,05), namun tidak pada siklus pertama (p=0,10). Penelitian ini memberikan bukti bahwa premedikasi antiemetik yang diberikan dengan waktu spesifik memberikan manfaat dalam mengurangi kejadian CINV yang berpotensi pada pasien kanker payudara yang mendapatkan kemoterapi dengan tingkat emetogenik tinggi.   Kata kunci: CINV, kanker payudara, mual dan muntah, waktu pemberian premedikasi antiemetik
Effectiveness of Vitamin D and Vitamin B Supplementation Therapy in Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Standard Therapy Rizaldy T. Pinzon; Yohana R. T. D. Christi
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.4.310

Abstract

The chronic complication from diabetes mellitus (DM) is painful diabetic neuropathy, and the treatment with standard therapy is inefficient. Furthermore, vitamin B combination is effective as a neuropathy treatment due to nerve repair acceleration by enhancing regeneration and restoring function, while individuals with type 2 DM are inseparable from vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to measure diabetic neuropathy pain reduction in patients with type 2 DM by administration of additional vitamin D to standard therapy. This was a quasi-experimental study employing non-equivalent control group method on 77 patients selected using consecutive sampling at Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta between December 2019 and February 2020. In addition, the subjects consisted of 48 men and 29 women, and were divided into 4 therapy groups executed within 1–3 months comprising (I) symptomatic therapy only; (II) symptomatic combination therapy with vitamin B; (III) symptomatic combination therapy with vitamin D; and (IV) symptomatic combination therapy with vitamin B-vitamin D. The pain assessment employed Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) prior and after administration, and demographic characteristics data between the 4 groups lacked noteworthy differences. The results indicated decreased pain intensity after therapy with the mean VAS in group I from 53.36±14.65 to 42.27±17.16, group II from 50.56±12.11 to 13.89±14.61, group III from 50.77±15.98 to 19.23±18.09, and group IV from 54.55±16.35 to 7.27±6.47. However, group administered with symptomatic combination therapy with vitamin D revealed higher significant improvement, while substantial pain intensity reduction was indicated from symptomatic therapy combined with vitamin B and vitamin D.Keywords: Combination of vitamin D, pain intensity, painful diabetic neuropathy Efektivitas Pemberian Terapi Tambahan Vitamin D dan Vitamin Bpada Terapi Standar Nyeri Neuropati DiabetikAbstrakNeuropati diabetik merupakan salah satu komplikasi kronis yang sering terjadi dari penyakit diabetes melitus (DM). Pengobatan neuropati diabetik dengan terapi simptomatik hingga sekarang belum mencapai target. Vitamin B kombinasi efektif sebagai pengobatan  neuropati karena mempercepat perbaikan saraf dengan meningkatkan regenerasi saraf dan memulihkan fungsi saraf. Pasien DM tipe 2 tak lepas dari keadaan defisiensi vitamin D. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur penurunan nyeri neuropati diabetik pada pasien DM tipe 2 yang diberi terapi tambahan vitamin D terhadap terapi standar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi-experimental dengan metode non equivalent control group kepada 77 pasien yang terpilih berdasarkan consecutive sampling di Rumah Sakit Bethesda Yogyakarta pada bulan Desember 2019–Februari 2020.Subjek dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok pemberian terapi yaitu kelompok yang diberi (1) terapi simptomatik saja, (2) terapi simptomatik kombinasi vitamin B, (3) terapi simptomatik kombinasi vitamin D, dan (4) terapi simptomatik kombinasi vitamin B-vitamin D. Pemberian terapi dilakukan dalam waktu 1–3 bulan. Penilaian nyeri menggunakan Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) sebelum diberikan terapi dan setelah pemberian terapi. Subjek terdiri dari 48 orang laki-laki dan 29 orang perempuan. Data karakteristik demografi di antara 4 kelompok tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan intensitas nyeri dengan rata-rata VAS kelompok I sebelum terapi 53,36±14,65 menjadi 42,27±17,16 setelah terapi, kelompok II dari 50,56±12,11 menjadi 13,89±14,61, kelompok III dari 50,77±15,98 menjadi 19,23±18,09, dan kelompok IV dari 54,55±16,35 menjadi 7,27±6,47. Kelompok dengan terapi tambahan vitamin D menunjukkan perbaikan nyeri yang lebih signifikan. Penurunan intensitas nyeri neuropati diabetik secara signifikan ditemukan pada pemberian terapi simptomatik yang dikombinasikan dengan vitamin B dan vitamin D.   Kata kunci: Intensitas nyeri, kombinasi vitamin D, nyeri neuropati diabetik
Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Terapi Kombinasi Amlodipin-Kandesartan dan Amlodipin-Ramipril pada Pasien Hipertensi dengan Komplikasi Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Rawat Jalan di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Della R. Stiadi; Retnosari Andrajati; Yulia Trisna
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.4.271

Abstract

Hipertensi dan diabetes melitus (DM) menjadi salah satu faktor risiko kejadian kardiovaskuler. Tidak terkontrolnya hipertensi dapat menyebabkan perburukan kesehatan dan ekonomi pada penderitanya. Kombinasi terapi antihipertensi dinilai adekuat untuk mencapai target tekanan darah <140/90 mmHg pada pasien dengan DM. Obat antihipertensi golongan Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI), Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB), dan Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) merupakan terapi yang sesuai untuk pasien dengan DM tipe 2 dan harganya yang bervariasi memengaruhi besar biaya yang dikeluarkan sehingga menjadi pertimbangan dalam pemilihan pengobatan di rumah sakit. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ARB lebih cost-effective dibandingkan antihipertensi golongan lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas biaya dari kombinasi terapi amlodipin-kandesartan dibandingkan amlodipin-ramipril pada pasien hipertensi dengan DM tipe 2. Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan menggunakan rekam medis pasien tahun 2017–2019 dan metode studi farmakoekonomi yang digunakan adalah analisis efektifitas biaya. Subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 87 pasien. Pasien dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: kelompok yang mendapat terapi amlodipin-kandesartan dan kelompok yang mendapat terapi amlodipin-ramipril. Analisis efektivitas biaya diperoleh dari perhitungan biaya medik langsung, menentukan efektivitas terapi berdasarkan jumlah pasien yang mencapai target tekanan darah <140/90 mmHg, serta menghitung nilai Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER). Kombinasi amlodipin-kandesartan memiliki efektivitas terapi 48,9%, sedangkan efektivitas terapi amlodipin-ramipril 45,2%. Nilai ACER kelompok amlodipin-kandesartan dan kelompok amlodipin-ramipril adalah Rp1.604.736,2 per efektivitas dan Rp1.811.278,8 per efektivitas. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa amlodipin-kandesartan lebih cost-effective dibandingkan amlodipin-ramipril.  Kata kunci: Amlodipin-kandesartan, amlodipin-ramipril, diabetes melitus, efektivitas biaya, hipertensi Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Amlodipine-Candesartan and Amlodipine-Ramipril Combination Therapy in Hypertensive Outpatient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalAbstractHypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are risk factors for cardiovascular events, and poor management has been implicated in patient health and economic deterioration. The use of combined antihypertensive therapy is considered adequate to achieve <140/90 mmHg as the targeted blood pressure. These include Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), and Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs), estimated to be appropriate for patients with type 2 DM. In addition, the price variation influences the costs incurred, which is further considered during therapy selection in hospital. Previous studies have identified ARBs as the more cost-effective compared to others. The aim of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of amlodipine-candesartan combination therapy, compared to amlodipine-ramipril during the hypertensive treatment of patients with type 2 DM. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital by evaluating patient’s medical records between 2017–2019, while pharmacoeconomic study methods was adopted for cost-effectiveness analysis. A total of 87 research subjects were estimated to have met the inclusion criteria. These patients were divided into two groups, including those receiving amlodipine-candesartan and amlodipine-ramipril. The cost-effectiveness analysis obtained from the calculation of direct medical costs, determined the therapy efficacy based on the number of patients assumed to reach the target blood pressure of <140/90 mmHg, and the Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) value was calculated. The result showed a therapeutic effectiveness of 48.9% and 45.2%, respectively, with corresponding ACER value of 1,604,736.2 IDR and 1,811,278.8 IDR. The amlodipine-candesartan combination was, therefore, concluded to be more cost-effective in contrast with amlodipine-ramipril.Keywords: Amlodipine-candesartan, amlodipine-ramipril, cost-effectiveness, diabetes mellitus, hypertension
Analisis Efektivitas Lensa Intraokular Hidrofilik dan Hidrofobik terhadap Posterior Capsule Opacification Pascaoperasi Katarak Linda Dimyati; Tri M. Andayani; Ika P. Sari; Rinanto Prabowo
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.4.317

Abstract

Komplikasi yang sering terjadi pascaoperasi katarak dengan implantasi lensa intraokular (LIO) adalah Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) yang menyebabkan penurunan tajam penglihatan. PCO dapat terjadi beberapa bulan sampai beberapa tahun pascaoperasi. Perkembangan material, desain LIO dan teknik bedah katarak efektif untuk menurunkan angka kejadian atau memperlambat terjadinya PCO. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas LIO akrilik hidrofilik dibandingkan LIO akrilik hidrofobik dalam meningkatkan tajam penglihatan, menurunkan kejadian PCO dan Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser 3 tahun pascaoperasi katarak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan kohort retrospektif. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien pascaoperasi katarak dengan implantasi LIO akrilik hidrofilik dan hidrofobik di RS Mata “Dr.Yap” Yogyakarta pada periode Juni 2016–Desember 2018 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta bersedia ikut dalam penelitian dengan menandatangani surat persetujuan. Pengukuran efektivitas terapi dilakukan melalui peningkatan tajam penglihatan, angka kejadian PCO, dan angka Nd:YAG laser menggunakan uji komparasi Chi-Square, independent t-test (distribusi normal) dan Mann-Whitney (distribusi tidak normal). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tajam penglihatan tanpa koreksi pascaoperasi katarak mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,68±0,44 pada kelompok LIO hidrofobik dan 0,56±0,35 pada LIO hidrofilik. Tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan antara kedua kelompok LIO (p=0,111). Angka kejadian PCO kelompok LIO hidrofobik sejumlah 12 (19,7%) dan LIO hidrofilik yaitu 32 (52,5%) dengan p=0,022, sedangkan angka kejadian Nd:YAG laser pada LIO hidrofobik 3 (4,18%) dan LIO hidrofilik 15 (24,59%) dengan p=0,040. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua LIO sama-sama efektif dalam meningkatkan tajam penglihatan, LIO akrilik hidrofobik lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kejadian PCO dan Nd:YAG laser dibandingkan LIO akrilik hidrofilik. Kata kunci: Hidrofilik, hidrofobik, katarak, lensa intraokular, posterior capsule opacification Effectiveness Analysis of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Intraocular Lens on Posterior Capsule Opacification After Cataract Surgery AbstractPosterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a frequent complication from cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, is capable of affecting visual acuity (VA), and arises possibly months or years after operation. Furthermore, this is efficiently mitigated with material and design developments of IOL and surgical techniques. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of hydrophilic to hydrophobic acrylic IOL to enhance VA and mitigate PCO and Nd:YAG laser occurrence within 3 years after cataract surgery. This research employed analytic observational method and retrospective cohort design. Also, the subjects had experienced cataract surgery and the IOL implantation at “Dr.Yap” Eye Hospital Yogyakarta between June 2016 and December 2018, met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and gave consent. The effectivity parameters included VA, the PCO incidence, and Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd: YAG) laser, analyzed using the Chi-Square test and t-test (normal distribution) and Mann-Whitney test (non-normal distribution). The result indicated hydrophobic and hydrophilic IOL possessed VA elevation of 0.68±0.44 and 0.56±0.35 respectively, with no significant difference between both groups (p=0.111). Also, the PCO occurrence in hydrophobic IOL 12 (19.7%) was significantly lower compared to hydrophilic IOL at 32 (52.5%) (p=0.022), while Nd:YAG laser in hydrophobic IOL was 3 (4.18%) lesser than the hydrophilic IOL, 15 (24.59%) (p=0.040). However, although both IOLs were effective in enhancing VA, hydrophobic IOL was better in mitigating PCO and Nd:YAG laser occurrences compared to hydrophilic IOL.Keywords: Cataract, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, intraocular lens, posterior capsule opacification
Hubungan antara Penggunaan Antihipertensi pada Pasien Preeklamsia terhadap Insidensi Asfiksia Neonatal dan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Mutia F. Sitorus; Lia Amalia
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.4.280

Abstract

Preeklamsia merupakan satu dari tiga penyebab utama kematian ibu hamil di Indonesia. Selain menyebabkan mortalitas dan morbiditas maternal, bayi yang dilahirkan dari pasien preeklampsia berisiko lahir dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) (<2500 gr) dan asfiksia. Di Indonesia, data mengenai penggunaan antihipertensi tertentu sebagai lini utama pada terapi hipertensi dalam kehamilan serta dampaknya terhadap perinatal belum cukup memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali hubungan dan pengaruh pemberian antihipertensi pada pasien preeklamsia terhadap outcome bayi (BBLR & asfiksia). Penelitian dilakukan secara observasional terhadap 182 pasien preeklamsia yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung selama tahun 2018. Dilakukan analisis komparatif antar kelompok antihipertensi dengan uji One-way ANOVA dan Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata berat badan bayi yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05; IK95%) antara pasien preeklamsia yang mendapat terapi atihipertensi (2227 gr ± 779,8) dengan pasien yang tidak mendapat terapi antihipertensi (2696 gr ± 667,2). Tidak terdapat perbedaan skor Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (APGAR) yang bermakna antara kelompok yang diberi terapi dengan tanpa terapi antihipertensi (p>0,05; IK95%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05; IK95%) antara beberapa kelompok terapi antihipertensi dalam memberikan kecenderungan terhadap kedua insidensi. Kelompok terapi kombinasi metildopa dengan antihipertensi lain (amlodipin, nikardipin, furosemid, dan spironolakton) memiliki proporsi tertinggi dalam memberikan kecenderungan terhadap insidensi BBLR (75,0%) dan asfiksia (17,9%).Kata kunci: Antihipertensi, asfiksia, BBLR, preeklamsia, skor APGAR Association between Antihypertensive Treatment in Preeclampsia Patients with Incidence of Birth Asphyxia and Low Birth Weight at RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin BandungAbstractPreeclampsia is one of the three major causes of maternal death and morbidity in Indonesia. In addition, infants born are at risk of being born with a low birth weight/LBW (<2500 gr) and asphyxia. In Indonesia, there is insufficient data regarding certain antihypertensive use as a first line therapy for hypertension in pregnancy and the consequent impact on perinatal. This study aimed to explore the association and effects of antihypertensive therapy in patients with preeclampsia on infants outcome (LBW & asphyxia). The experiment was performed observationally on 182 preeclampsia patients treated at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung in 2018. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was performed between antihypertensive groups using One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The result showed the existence of statistically significant differences in infant body weight (p<0.05; CI95%) between preeclampsia patients receiving antihypertension therapy (2227 gr±779.8) and those otherwise (2696 gr±667.2). Moreover, there were no significant differences in Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (APGAR) scores between the treated groups (p>0.05; CI95%). The variations (p>0.05; CI95%) between several units in line with the tendency to experience an incidence was not statistically significant. However, methyldopa therapy in combination with other antihypertensives (amlodipine, nicardipine, furosemide, and spironolactone) demonstrated the highest tendency towards LBW incidence (75.0%) and neonatal asphyxia (17.9%).Keywords: Antihypertensive, APGAR score, asphyxia, LBW, preeclampsia
Terapi Farmakologi Nyeri pada Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Indira D. Mahdayana; Hanik B. Hidayati
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.4.327

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif fatal yang memengaruhi motor neuron. Nyeri merupakan gangguan sensoris yang dapat timbul pada ALS dan gejala yang seringkali diremehkan dan diabaikan pada pasien dengan ALS. Sampai saat ini, terapi nyeri hanya didasarkan pada pengalaman klinisi dan belum terdapat tata laksana nyeri yang terstandarisasi untuk pasien ALS. Oleh karena itu, tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk membahas gambaran klinis dan tata laksana nyeri pada ALS. Penelusuran referensi dilakukan melalui database PubMed dan Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci “Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis”, “pain”, “pharmacology”, dan “therapy”. Hasil penelusuran menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa gambaran klinis nyeri pada ALS, seperti kram, spastisitas dan nyeri muskuloskeletal, sehingga tata laksana nyeri pada ALS harus didasarkan pada penyebab utama timbulnya nyeri. Terbatasnya evidence terkait terapi nyeri pada ALS menyebabkan pemberian terapi tidak dilakukan berdasarkan pendekatan sistematis, sehingga dibutuhkan studi lebih lanjut terkait efikasi dari terapi nyeri ALS.Kata kunci: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, farmakologi, nyeri, terapi  Pharmacology Therapy for Pain in Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAbstractThe cause of motor neurons is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease with the potential to cause a frequently ignored sensory disorder called pain. Furthermore, pain therapy today is usually based on the clinician’s experience while standardized pain management for ALS patients is unused. Therefore, this literature review aimed to explore ALS clinical features and pain management. The database investigation was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords “Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis”, “pain”, “pharmacology”, and “therapy”. The results showed the presence of several pain clinical features in ALS, including cramps, spasticity and musculoskeletal pain, and therefore the need for ALS pain supervision to be based on the major cause. However, there were limited evidence reported investigating the effectiveness of drug therapy for this pain, and further research is required to discover efficient and safe pain treatment agents.Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pain, pharmacology, therapy
Acute Toxicity Test of Amomum Cardamomum (Kapulaga) Seed Extract didn’t Alter the Hepatic Trasaminase Enzyme in Rat Ratih D. Yudhani; Riza N. Pesik; Sarah Azzahro; Adliah F. Anisa; Rizka Hendriyani
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.4.288

Abstract

Kapulaga (Amomum Cardamomum), one of Indonesia’s herbs is commonly used in comunity as a spices or remidies, and the seed is becoming the most papular part. The prior evidence showed that kapulaga had many biological properties such as  antibacterial, antifungal and has been proven to reduce blood glucose and artherogenic parameter. Those previous studies promote the development of kapulaga as standardized herbal remidies. The utilization of herbal medicine especially in clinical setting must be supported by safety and effectiveness evidence, including toxicity test. Hepar was one of the target organs in the toxicity test, caused its role in the metabolism of most drugs. The aim of this study is to determine the safety profile of kapulaga seed extract through acute toxicity test in Winstar rats based on hepatic transaminase enzyme (SGOT and SGPT) level. Toxicity test was guided by the OECD 420 Fixed Dose Procedure. Preliminary test using 300 mg/kg BW dose and followed by high single dose (2000 mg/kg BW) of Kapulaga The main test was conducted by dividing the rat into control and treatment groups, 5 rats in each group. Based on preeliminary test, the treatment group was given 2000 mg/kg BW in a single dose of kapulaga seed extract. In days 14th, blood from orbita vein was taken, then SGOT and SGPT were assessed by enzymatic-photometric method. Independent sample t-test were used to analyze SGOT and SGPT’s data. The mean of SGOT in control and treatment groups were 116.92±22.35 and 98.02±16.38 (p = 0.17), whilts SGPT were 58.72±8.79 and 47.64±7.30 (p = 0.06). Both of them were not statistically different. The maximum dose of Kapulaga seed extract (2000 mg/kgBW) was not toxic due to it didn’t alter the hepatic transaminase enzyme (SGOT and SGPT) in rat. 

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