Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publikasi), dengan nomor p-ISSN: 0852-9213, e-ISSN: 2477-4693, adalah jurnal multidisiplin berskala nasional yang mencakup berbagai pokok persoalan dalam kajian ilmu-ilmu administrasi publik. Secara khusus JKAP menaruh perhatian pada pokok-pokok persoalan tentang perkembangan ilmu kebijakan dan administrasi publik, administrasi pembangunan, otonomi daerah, birokrasi dan aparatur negara, desentralisasi, ilmu ekonomi dan studi pembangunan, manajemen publik, kebijakan dan pemerintahan, serta ilmu sosial lain mencakup ilmu kesehatan masyarakat, politik fiskal, dan perencanaan wilayah.
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"2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001"
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Relevansi Kurikulum dalam Kebijakan Pendidikan
Drost, SJ, J
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001
Publisher : Magister Administrasi Publik (MAP) FISIPOL Universitas Gadjah Mada
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In education system of modern society, schoolings -- the formal education system from primary schools to universities -- have always been the main institution for teaching and learning process. It has to be understood that the success of formal education is determined by capacity and motivation. In this regards, curriculum is a critical factor to support individual capacity and mot ivat ion.
In Indonesian education system, curriculum for primary school (SD) is quite good and has an appropriate standard in comparison with international best practices. However, there are substantial problems in the curriculum for secondary and high schools. Aside from the fact that the national test (Ebtanas) system for primary school is not suitable for primary school children, there are some substantial flaws in the National Curriculum of 1994. This curriculum could be an excellent manual for the best high school children. However, as it is used across the board (for all cohort of schoolchildren achievements), the quality standard of education at this level has been brought down. At the same time, there is limited alternative at secondary level (SLTP) as well as higher level (SMU) to build skills for weaker students, some basic education needs that can presumably be fulfilled by vocational schools.
Universities have to focus on degree programmes instead of opening more diploma (D3) programmes. Curriculum in highschools and universities have to be linked with character building and capacity building. Education has to be able to develop a competent, professional, and responsible human resources. These are the ultimate goal of teaching and learning process.
Ebtanas SMUdan UMPTN Sebagai Bottleneck: Perlunya Pembaruan Kebijakan Penidikan yang Rasional
Karyana, Yana
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001
Publisher : Magister Administrasi Publik (MAP) FISIPOL Universitas Gadjah Mada
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As an instrument to gauge the competence and competition in learning process, Ebtanas (Standard National Grades) and UMPTN (Admission Test for State Universities) in Indonesian education system have changed into a myth of schooling. Not only that the Ebtanas and UMPTN have become the aims of schooling, but also become "traffic lights" that direct schools management. In the schools, teachers always encourage students to be successful in Ebtanas and UMPTN tests. They make Ebtanas and UMPTN as the only reference and guideline. Other subjects such as religion, morals, culture and literary apreciation, and personality development -- the important fundamentals for affective education -- are ignored. At the same time, parents and the society generally perceive school cis a place for their children to drill their children to be. able to compete in achieving a good Ebtanas Standard Grade (NEM) and a success in UMPTN. The Ministry of Education makes the NEM and UMPTN as the only indicators of the success of schooling.
The educational policy flaws are aggravated by other policy failures with 1994 Curriculum, which over-emphasising on formal schools of SLTP and SMU. Other vocational schools (SMK) that are in better position to provide employment and support economic development are generally marginalised. With the Curriculum 1994, all of the SLTP, SMU, and SMK students achievement is measured by the NEM, and later by the UMPTN for entering the state universities. Consequently, the number of students who want to be enrolled in universities is not followed by the capacity. There is no doubt that Ebtanas and UMPTN constitute the bottleneck. There is a "university intoxicated zone" that must be corrected by: ( 1) Reconstructing Ebtanas and UMPTN simultaneously to create a rational flow to the university, and (2) To change the fundamental policy for higher education. It is urgently required that the government give a fair playing field to the formal as well as vocational schools.
Civil Society Democratic Governance: The Case of Indonesia
Budiman, Arief
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001
Publisher : Magister Administrasi Publik (MAP) FISIPOL Universitas Gadjah Mada
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Perdebatan mengenai hubungan antara negara (state) dan masyarakat madani (civil society) sejauh ini masih terpengaruh oleh argumentasi Hegel, bahwa isu pentingnya terletak pada bagaimana menciptakan masyarakat yang lebih demokratis dan mencapai keadilan sosial bagi rakyat dan sebuah negara oligarki di mana pemerintah dan partai-partai politik mernelihara status quo untuk melindungi kepentingan bersama mereka. Meskipun pemerintahan Megawai telah berhasil mendinginkatt kehidupan politik di Indonesia tetapi mengingat masih buruknya kualitas partai politik serta visi politik Megawati yang letnah. pemerintahan ini belum mampu memberi lccus yang terbaik bagi rakyat negeri ini.
Mengembalikan Sekolah ke Habitatnya
Nursisto, Nursisto
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001
Publisher : Magister Administrasi Publik (MAP) FISIPOL Universitas Gadjah Mada
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School and community based management is a progressive step to empower education system in Indonesia by giving a greater role to society in managing a school. By giving opportunities to the society to participate in education, schools will ger a benefit from any direct contribution, both in the form of ideas and funds. In this kind of education system the government does not have to dominate schools in managing and pursuing their goals.
With the application of school and community based management, the schools would be entrusted to manage themselves, to design their programs based on supporting environment and to assure good achievement for the students. Schools management would be transparent for all stakeholders and dynamic cooperation among the stakeholders would be materialised. The basic idea for school and community based management is to return the schools to their habitat.
Kemampuan Kuangan Daerah Studi Kasus Kota Jambi dalam Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah
Wulandari, Anita
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001
Publisher : Magister Administrasi Publik (MAP) FISIPOL Universitas Gadjah Mada
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One of the crucial benchmark for the success of of decentralisation policy in Indonesia is whether it will improve local financial capacity. It is undeniable that, with the centralistic tendency of national development strategy in the past, local governments had been increasingly dependent on the financial resources provided by the central government. With a radical decentralisation policy has been brought into effect in early 2001, it is assumed that local governments will be able to carry out their development responsibilities with the local financial resources. However, it turned out that the policy are hampered by lack of human resources, infrastructure limitations, and rampant corruption among the local authorities.
The financial autonomy in this study is measured by the degree of fiscal decentralisation, the fiscal needs, capacity and efforts, the actual local revenue (PAD) and the elasticity of PAD. The case study in the city of Jambi shows that financial autonomy after decentralisation policy is still low. This is caused by some pitfalls in local finance, namely: I) limited potentials for local taxes and levies, 2) increasing misuse of funds in local administration, and 3) inadequate revenues from the local enterprises. To strengthen financial capacity of Jambi city administration, it is recommended to develop an industrial zone and to boost cooperative networks with domestic as well as foreign investors.
Manajemen Strategis Lingkungan Hidup: Kasus Bapedalda Kota Palembang
Commar, Muh. Andhy Syamsul
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001
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In the past. enviromental management in Indonesia had always been handled by central government. With the wave of reforms and the implementation of decentralisation policy, local governments are now challenged to manage and tackle environmental problems on their own. In line with this current policy change and situation, the city council of Palembang has enacted Local Act (Perda) No.1 of 1999 and established Local Environmental Control Agency (Bapedalda). The main task of Bapedalda is to control environmental hazards and maintain a good level of environment conditions.
Findings from this preliminary study show that environmental problems might become more serious with the decentralization policy as most of local governments does not have adequate attention to the environmental degradations. In The case of Palembang, although Bapedalda has a good potential in terms of human resources, technology, and budget, many of the local environmental problems cannot be 4nanaged properly. The function of Bapedalda is still impeded by lack of commitment among the local top authority, development policy that is concerned more on industry and economic aspects, and lack of public support and participation on environment preservation due to negative cultural attitude. In the near future, there are some strategies to be taken by Bapedalda, namely: 1) to set up a standard for environment quality and to identify the main sources of pollutions, 2) to build close cooperation with other local agencies and to improve skills in environment management, and 3) to improve public participation in
environment management.
Civil Society Democratic Governance: The Case of Indonesia
Arief Budiman
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8440
Perdebatan mengenai hubungan antara negara (state) dan masyarakat madani (civil society) sejauh ini masih terpengaruh oleh argumentasi Hegel, bahwa isu pentingnya terletak pada bagaimana menciptakan masyarakat yang lebih demokratis dan mencapai keadilan sosial bagi rakyat dan sebuah negara oligarki di mana pemerintah dan partai-partai politik mernelihara status quo untuk melindungi kepentingan bersama mereka. Meskipun pemerintahan Megawai telah berhasil mendinginkatt kehidupan politik di Indonesia tetapi mengingat masih buruknya kualitas partai politik serta visi politik Megawati yang letnah. pemerintahan ini belum mampu memberi lccus yang terbaik bagi rakyat negeri ini.
Kemampuan Kuangan Daerah Studi Kasus Kota Jambi dalam Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah
Anita Wulandari
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001
Publisher : Magister Administrasi Publik
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8441
One of the crucial benchmark for the success of of decentralisation policy in Indonesia is whether it will improve local financial capacity. It is undeniable that, with the centralistic tendency of national development strategy in the past, local governments had been increasingly dependent on the financial resources provided by the central government. With a radical decentralisation policy has been brought into effect in early 2001, it is assumed that local governments will be able to carry out their development responsibilities with the local financial resources. However, it turned out that the policy are hampered by lack of human resources, infrastructure limitations, and rampant corruption among the local authorities. The financial autonomy in this study is measured by the degree of fiscal decentralisation, the fiscal needs, capacity and efforts, the actual local revenue (PAD) and the elasticity of PAD. The case study in the city of Jambi shows that financial autonomy after decentralisation policy is still low. This is caused by some pitfalls in local finance, namely: I) limited potentials for local taxes and levies, 2) increasing misuse of funds in local administration, and 3) inadequate revenues from the local enterprises. To strengthen financial capacity of Jambi city administration, it is recommended to develop an industrial zone and to boost cooperative networks with domestic as well as foreign investors.
Manajemen Strategis Lingkungan Hidup: Kasus Bapedalda Kota Palembang
Muh. Andhy Syamsul Commar
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001
Publisher : Magister Administrasi Publik
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8442
In the past. enviromental management in Indonesia had always been handled by central government. With the wave of reforms and the implementation of decentralisation policy, local governments are now challenged to manage and tackle environmental problems on their own. In line with this current policy change and situation, the city council of Palembang has enacted Local Act (Perda) No.1 of 1999 and established Local Environmental Control Agency (Bapedalda). The main task of Bapedalda is to control environmental hazards and maintain a good level of environment conditions. Findings from this preliminary study show that environmental problems might become more serious with the decentralization policy as most of local governments does not have adequate attention to the environmental degradations. In The case of Palembang, although Bapedalda has a good potential in terms of human resources, technology, and budget, many of the local environmental problems cannot be 4nanaged properly. The function of Bapedalda is still impeded by lack of commitment among the local top authority, development policy that is concerned more on industry and economic aspects, and lack of public support and participation on environment preservation due to negative cultural attitude. In the near future, there are some strategies to be taken by Bapedalda, namely: 1) to set up a standard for environment quality and to identify the main sources of pollutions, 2) to build close cooperation with other local agencies and to improve skills in environment management, and 3) to improve public participation in environment management.
Relevansi Kurikulum dalam Kebijakan Pendidikan
J Drost, SJ
JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) 2001: JKAP VOLUME 5 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2001
Publisher : Magister Administrasi Publik
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DOI: 10.22146/jkap.8443
In education system of modern society, schoolings -- the formal education system from primary schools to universities -- have always been the main institution for teaching and learning process. It has to be understood that the success of formal education is determined by capacity and motivation. In this regards, curriculum is a critical factor to support individual capacity and mot ivat ion. In Indonesian education system, curriculum for primary school (SD) is quite good and has an appropriate standard in comparison with international best practices. However, there are substantial problems in the curriculum for secondary and high schools. Aside from the fact that the national test (Ebtanas) system for primary school is not suitable for primary school children, there are some substantial flaws in the National Curriculum of 1994. This curriculum could be an excellent manual for the best high school children. However, as it is used across the board (for all cohort of schoolchildren achievements), the quality standard of education at this level has been brought down. At the same time, there is limited alternative at secondary level (SLTP) as well as higher level (SMU) to build skills for weaker students, some basic education needs that can presumably be fulfilled by vocational schools. Universities have to focus on degree programmes instead of opening more diploma (D3) programmes. Curriculum in highschools and universities have to be linked with character building and capacity building. Education has to be able to develop a competent, professional, and responsible human resources. These are the ultimate goal of teaching and learning process.