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Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
ISSN : 14118033     EISSN : 26140101     DOI : 10.18196/mm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Mutiara Medika Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan (MMJKK) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that focuses on promoting medical sciences generated from basic sciences, clinical, and community or public health research to integrate researches in all aspects of human health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 3 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue " Vol 6, No 1 (2006)" : 3 Documents clear
Antidepresan Pada Nyeri Neuropati Diabetik Wahyuliati, Tri
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

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Abstract

Diabetic neuropathy is a most common and troublesome complication of diabetes mellitus. Approximately 20 to 40% of patients with diabetes develop some form of neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is a family ofprogressive, degenerative disorders affecting the sensory, motor or autonomic peripheral nerves. Autonomic and motor involvement is less common than sensory neuropathy. Risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic neuropathy include poor glycaemic control, increasing age, undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, long duration of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, smoking, high alcohol intake, low socioeconomic status and renal or cardiac failure.Control ofpain is one of the most difficult management issues in diabetic neuropathy. The goal oftreatmentfor painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy is to relieve painful symptoms, prevent further tissue damage and improve patient education. Combinations of pharmacological, physical and psychological interventions are likely to attain the optimum level ofpain relieffor most patients. The mainstay therapeutic agents for managing diabetic neuropathic pain are tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants.Neuropati diabetik merupakan komplikasi yang menyulitkan dan paling sering teijadi pada diabetes melitus. Sekitar 20 - 40 % penderita diabetes mengalami berbagai bentuk neuropati. Neuropati diabetik merupakan suatu kelainan degeneratifprogresifyang mengenai saraf tepi sensorik, motorik maupun otonom. Neuropati otonom dan motorik lebih jarang teijadi dibandingkan neuropati sensori. Faktor risiko timbulnya neuropati diabetik meliputi gula darah tak terkontrol, usia, diabetes tipe 2, lamanya menderita diabetes, merokok, alkohol, status sosial ekonomi yang rendah, serta gagal ginjal atau jantung.Penanggulangan nyeri adalah suatu problem paling sulit dalam penatalaksanaan neuropati diabetik. Tujuan pengobatan nyeri neuropati diabetik adalah mengurangi gejala yang ada serta mencegah perburukan neuropati dan kerusakan saraf lebih lanjut. Terapi kombinasi secara farmakologik, fisiologik, dan psikologik memberikan hasil terapi yang optimal dalam mengurangi nyeri neuropati diabetik pada kebanyakan pasien. Pilihan utama untuk penanggulangan nyeri neuropatui diabetik adalah antidepresan trisikik dan antikonvulsan.
Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Etanolik Biji Srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) Sebagai Repelan Makiyah, Sri Nabawiyati Nurul; Tasminatun, Sri
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

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Abstract

Active compound in A. squamosa seed such as carvon and limonene has a toxic effect on skin cell and can be absorbed into bloodflow, so has a systemic effect on liver, lung and kidney. The aim of this research is to study the toxic effect of ethanolic extract of A. squamosa seed as repellant subchronically.Thirty rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain, male and female, 3 month old used as subject. It is divided into 5 groups, negative control groups, positive control group with CMC, and three group of treatment group used ethanolic extract of A. squamosa seed dosage I (25%), II (50%) dan III (100%). The back hair of the rats were showed with its diameter 1,5cm of it and given a treatment topically for each groups every day for thirty days and observed its condition if any change happens every days. On day 31, all of the rats decapitated, a skin located of treatment is taken and so its liver, lung and kidney to make a histopathological preparation with H&E.The result of this research showed that subchronic ethanolic extract of A. squamosa seed 25%, 50% and 100% topically caused irritation on skin, but not caused of change in histological features of liver, lung and kidney. Subchronic ethanolic extract of A. squamosa seed 100% significantly caused irritation and increased of polimorphonuclear cell.Senyawa aktif dalam biji antara lain carvon dan limonene mempunyai efek toksik pada sel- sel kulit dan dapat terabsorpsi masuk ke dalam aliran darah, sehingga memberikan efek sistemik pada organ hepar, pulmo dan ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek toksik ekstrak etanolik biji A. squamosa sebagai repelan yang digunakan secara subkronis.Subyek penelitian adalah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar jantan dan betina, umur3 bulan, 30ekor. Subyekdibagimenjadi5kelompokyaitukelompokkontrolnegatif,kelompok kontrol CMC, kelompok ekstrak etanolik biji A. squamosa konsentrasi I (25%), II (50%) dan III (100 %). Punggung tikus dicukur dengan diameter 1,5 cm, diberi perlakuan pada hari kel-30 sesuai kelompoknya. Ekstrak dioleskan setiap hari di tempat yang dicukur. Kondisi umum tikus diamati dan dicatat perubahan yang teijadi setiap hari. Pada hari ke-31, semua tikus dikorbankan, kulit tempat perlakuan, hepar, paru dan ginjal diambil dan dibuat preparat histologi dengan pengecatan H&E.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian subkronis ekstrak etanolik biji srikaya (Annona squamosa) 25%, 50%, 100% secara topikal menyebabkan iritasi pada kulit, tetapi tidak menyebabkan perubahan histologis organ hepar, paru dan ginjal, ekstrak etanolik A. squamosa 100% topikal subkronis secara signifikan dapat menyebabkan iritasi dan meningkatnya jumlah polimorfonuklear sel.
Manajemen Anestesi Pada Operasi Craniotomi Anak Dengan Cedera Kepala Sedang Pramono, Ardi
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

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Abstract

Anesthesia for craniotomy on brain injury needs a knowledge about cerebral phisiology and the effect ofanesthetic agent on brain metabolism. Brain must be prevent from secondary brain injury. Intracranial pressure must be blunt with choosing appropriate technique of induction and maintenance of anesthesia.In this case, we choose general anesthesia technique with semiopen Jackson Rees circuit, endotracheal tube with diameter number 6, and controlled ventilation. Premedication uses fentanyl 25ug to blunt hemodynamic respon following to intubation, induction of anesthesia with pentothal 100 mg, muscle relaxant with atracurium 15 mg and maintenance anesthesia uses sevoflurane, N20 and oxygen. During operation, the mean arterial pressure is between 70-90 mmHg, heart rate about 110/minute and intracranial pressure is not increase. Operation take place about 1 hour and patient was taking care in intensive care unit (ICU) after that to prevent intracranial increased. After 2 days in ICU, patient was transported to ward.Penanganan jejas otak karena trauma kepala mengalami kemajuan yang pesat dengan ditemukannya proses fisiologi otak pada trauma kepala. Manajemen anestesi pada operasi craniotomi memerlukan teknik khusus sehingga tidak menyebabkan cedera otak sekunder (secondary brain injury). Pada kasus bedah saraf, dipilih agen induksi dan rumatan anestesi yang tidak meningkatkan tekanan intrakranial serta perlakuan intubasi y mg smooth.Pada kasus ini, anestesi dilakukan dengan teknik anestesi umum, semiopen sirkuit Jakcson Rees dengan endotrakheal tube (ET) nomor 6, nafas kendali. Premedikasi menggunakan fentanyl 25 ug dengan tujuan untuk menumpulkan respon hemodinamik saat intubasi, induksi menggunakan pentotal dosis 100 mg, fasilitas intubasi menggunakan atracurium 15 mg dan rumatan anestesi menggunakan sevofluran, N20 dan 02. Selama operasi, nilai MAP (mean arterialpressure) berkisar antara 70-90 mmHg dengan nadi sekitar 110 x/menit. Operasi berlangsung sekitar 1 jam. Setelah operasi, pasien dirawat di ICU selama 2 hari dan pulang kembali ke bangsal.

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