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MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF INDONESIAN AGANAINE MOTHS (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) BASED ON CO I GENE
Sutrisno, Hari
TREUBIA Vol 38 (2011): Vol. 38, December 2011
Publisher : Research Center for Biology
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DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v38i0.544
Systematic of Aganaine moths has been long in dispute since they show both noctuids and arctiids morphological characteristics. Even the relationship among genera within Indonesian Aganaines is still unclear, and their phylogenetic relationships need to be reexamined since the morphological hypothesis proposed previously was not able to show the relationship among them. In order to clarify the phylogenetic relationship among five genera of Indonesian Aganaines, I used sequence of mitochondrial CO I gene (610-bp) to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationship using MP and NJ tree building methods. The results showed that the phylogenetic relationship proposed in this study contradicts the previous hypothesis. The monophyly of subfamily Aganainae has a strong bootstrap support at any tree building methods (88-95%). Neochera was divided into two clades and branched off first and then was followed by Euplocia, Peridrome, Agape, and Asota. The similarity between the previous hypothesis and this study is only on the sister-group relationship between Euplocia and Peridrome and the division of Neochera into two clades. The synapomorphy of Euplocia + Peridrome is a large androconial patch on the forewing upperside at the costal base. This study also showed that all internal nodes gained least supports. It indicates that the relationships among internal nodes proposed here were poorly supported due to the limited number of species and only a short fragment of one mitochondrial gene included in the analysis. Further studies are needed to be done by including more other species, other nuclear genes, and genitalia characters in order to test the validity of the relationships proposed here.Key words: Aganaine, Asota, Agape, Euplocia, Peridrome, Neochera, phylogeny
COMPARISON OF ZOOGEOGRAPHY AMONG RATS, FRUIT BATS AND INSECTIVOROUS BATS ON INDONESIAN ISLANDS
Maryanto, Ibnu;
Higashi, Seigo
TREUBIA Vol 38 (2011): Vol. 38, December 2011
Publisher : Research Center for Biology
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DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v38i0.545
The species number of rat, fruit bat, and insectivorous bat was signifi-cantly correlated with island size when five major islands of Irian, Borneo, Su-matra, Sulawesi and Java were included in the analysis, and the z area values were 0.22; 0.19 and, 0.26, respectively. When these islands were excluded, the correlation between species richness and island size was significant in fruit bats and insectivorous bats (R2=0.31, P<0.01) but not in rats. Z value declined to 0.07 in rats, 0.14 in fruit bats and 0.19 in insectivorous bats. Zoogeographic bounda-ries are shown. Wallaceââ¬â¢s Line seems to be a zoogeographic boundary for all of three mammal groups; Bali and Lombok Islands belong to the cluster of Lesser Sunda in rats but not to the cluster of Greater Sunda in bats. Although Weberââ¬â¢s Line also seems to be a zoogeographic boundary for all of the three mammal groups, an effective boundary lies between Sulawesi and Maluku in rats and in-sectivorous bats but not between northern Maluku and Irian in fruit bats. The fauna of fruit bats in Southern Maluku is more similar to those of Irian. Lydek-kerââ¬â¢s line seems to be a boundary for only rats, though Biak, Owi and Yapen Islands belong to the cluster of Maluku. In addition to those boundaries, Cluster analyses revealed another boundary for rats between Sumatra and western Su-matra islands (Mentawai Islands) and between Lesser Sunda and Sulawesi to Southern Maluku for fruit and insectivorous bats.
LANDSCAPE BIODIVERSITY OF TROPICAL FOREST SPIDER COMMUNITIES IN VIETNAM (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE)
Miller, Jeremy A.;
Sac, Pham Dinh
TREUBIA Vol 38 (2011): Vol. 38, December 2011
Publisher : Research Center for Biology
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DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v38i0.546
Spiders were sampled from one-hectare tropical rainforest plots in three parks in northern Vietnam. Inventories were based on ecologically structured sampling employing five methods. A series of non-parametric estimators were used to extrapolate the true species richness from the samples for each locality and indicate the magnitude of sampling effort necessary to inventory a variety of protected Southeast Asian tropical forests. We investigated the Beta diversity between sites and explored the distinctness of the communities sampled by the various collecting methods. Our approach takes the incompleteness of our inven-tories into account and estimates the number of unobserved shared species. Rank sample abundance was positively correlated with number of sites observed. However, when sample abundance was scaled by incidence (as an index of de-tection probability), this relationship disappeared. This suggests no difference in the probability that abundant and rare species will be present in different sites even if the detection probability of rare species is low. The three sites differed in their observed and estimated point diversity with the lowest diversity site, Cuc Phuong, also having the least vertically-stratified spider community. The three sites, separated by 150ââ¬â300 km and differing in vegetation community, eleva-tion, geology, and other attributes, experience an estimated 65ââ¬â85% turnover in species composition over differences of this magnitude. We discuss the rationale for using the non-parametric estimator approach and caution that estimates can be unreliable when samples contain an insufficient portion of the community.
CHECKLIST OF VESPID SPECIES (INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) OCCURRING IN INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO
Nugroho, Hari;
Kojima, Jun-ichi;
Carpenter, James M
TREUBIA Vol 38 (2011): Vol. 38, December 2011
Publisher : Research Center for Biology
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DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v38i0.547
A total of 383 vespid species belonging to 63 genera from Indonesia are listed, together with information of the type material deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). The references of their distribution in Indonesia are also provided.
VOCALIZATION OF ASIAN STRIPED TREE FROGS, Polypedates leucomystax (GRAVENHORST, 1829) AND P. iskandari RIYANTO, MUMPUNI & McGUIRE, 2011
Kurniati, Hellen
TREUBIA Vol 38 (2011): Vol. 38, December 2011
Publisher : Research Center for Biology
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DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v38i0.543
Morphometric study has showed that Asian Striped Tree Frog popula-tions from Sulawesi can be separated from populations discovered in other islands (Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan) and become accepted as a new species, namely Polypedates iskandari (Riyanto et.al., 2011). However, the results on analysis of vocalizations sequences have indicated that, P. iskandari and P. leucomystax from Java population use similar acoustic bandwidth frequencies in the major call. The different between the two species can only be found in minor calls; P. iskandari has a higher dominant frequency range than P. leucomystax. This study shows that minor calls are not important in communication among males. Therefore, based on acoustic analysis, there is no sufficient evidence to classify the Sulawesi population of P. leucomystax as a new species.Keywords: vocalization, Polypedates leucomystax, P. iskandari, Sulawesi, Java
VOCALIZATION OF ASIAN STRIPED TREE FROGS, Polypedates leucomystax (GRAVENHORST, 1829) AND P. iskandari RIYANTO, MUMPUNI & McGUIRE, 2011
Hellen Kurniati
TREUBIA Vol 38 (2011): Vol. 38, December 2011
Publisher : Research Center for Biology
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DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v38i0.543
Morphometric study has showed that Asian Striped Tree Frog popula-tions from Sulawesi can be separated from populations discovered in other islands (Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan) and become accepted as a new species, namely Polypedates iskandari (Riyanto et.al., 2011). However, the results on analysis of vocalizations sequences have indicated that, P. iskandari and P. leucomystax from Java population use similar acoustic bandwidth frequencies in the major call. The different between the two species can only be found in minor calls; P. iskandari has a higher dominant frequency range than P. leucomystax. This study shows that minor calls are not important in communication among males. Therefore, based on acoustic analysis, there is no sufficient evidence to classify the Sulawesi population of P. leucomystax as a new species.Keywords: vocalization, Polypedates leucomystax, P. iskandari, Sulawesi, Java
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF INDONESIAN AGANAINE MOTHS (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) BASED ON CO I GENE
Hari Sutrisno
TREUBIA Vol 38 (2011): Vol. 38, December 2011
Publisher : Research Center for Biology
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DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v38i0.544
Systematic of Aganaine moths has been long in dispute since they show both noctuids and arctiids morphological characteristics. Even the relationship among genera within Indonesian Aganaines is still unclear, and their phylogenetic relationships need to be reexamined since the morphological hypothesis proposed previously was not able to show the relationship among them. In order to clarify the phylogenetic relationship among five genera of Indonesian Aganaines, I used sequence of mitochondrial CO I gene (610-bp) to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationship using MP and NJ tree building methods. The results showed that the phylogenetic relationship proposed in this study contradicts the previous hypothesis. The monophyly of subfamily Aganainae has a strong bootstrap support at any tree building methods (88-95%). Neochera was divided into two clades and branched off first and then was followed by Euplocia, Peridrome, Agape, and Asota. The similarity between the previous hypothesis and this study is only on the sister-group relationship between Euplocia and Peridrome and the division of Neochera into two clades. The synapomorphy of Euplocia + Peridrome is a large androconial patch on the forewing upperside at the costal base. This study also showed that all internal nodes gained least supports. It indicates that the relationships among internal nodes proposed here were poorly supported due to the limited number of species and only a short fragment of one mitochondrial gene included in the analysis. Further studies are needed to be done by including more other species, other nuclear genes, and genitalia characters in order to test the validity of the relationships proposed here.Key words: Aganaine, Asota, Agape, Euplocia, Peridrome, Neochera, phylogeny
COMPARISON OF ZOOGEOGRAPHY AMONG RATS, FRUIT BATS AND INSECTIVOROUS BATS ON INDONESIAN ISLANDS
Ibnu Maryanto;
Seigo Higashi
TREUBIA Vol 38 (2011): Vol. 38, December 2011
Publisher : Research Center for Biology
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DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v38i0.545
The species number of rat, fruit bat, and insectivorous bat was signifi-cantly correlated with island size when five major islands of Irian, Borneo, Su-matra, Sulawesi and Java were included in the analysis, and the z area values were 0.22; 0.19 and, 0.26, respectively. When these islands were excluded, the correlation between species richness and island size was significant in fruit bats and insectivorous bats (R2=0.31, P<0.01) but not in rats. Z value declined to 0.07 in rats, 0.14 in fruit bats and 0.19 in insectivorous bats. Zoogeographic bounda-ries are shown. Wallace’s Line seems to be a zoogeographic boundary for all of three mammal groups; Bali and Lombok Islands belong to the cluster of Lesser Sunda in rats but not to the cluster of Greater Sunda in bats. Although Weber’s Line also seems to be a zoogeographic boundary for all of the three mammal groups, an effective boundary lies between Sulawesi and Maluku in rats and in-sectivorous bats but not between northern Maluku and Irian in fruit bats. The fauna of fruit bats in Southern Maluku is more similar to those of Irian. Lydek-ker’s line seems to be a boundary for only rats, though Biak, Owi and Yapen Islands belong to the cluster of Maluku. In addition to those boundaries, Cluster analyses revealed another boundary for rats between Sumatra and western Su-matra islands (Mentawai Islands) and between Lesser Sunda and Sulawesi to Southern Maluku for fruit and insectivorous bats.
LANDSCAPE BIODIVERSITY OF TROPICAL FOREST SPIDER COMMUNITIES IN VIETNAM (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE)
Jeremy A. Miller;
Pham Dinh Sac
TREUBIA Vol 38 (2011): Vol. 38, December 2011
Publisher : Research Center for Biology
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DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v38i0.546
Spiders were sampled from one-hectare tropical rainforest plots in three parks in northern Vietnam. Inventories were based on ecologically structured sampling employing five methods. A series of non-parametric estimators were used to extrapolate the true species richness from the samples for each locality and indicate the magnitude of sampling effort necessary to inventory a variety of protected Southeast Asian tropical forests. We investigated the Beta diversity between sites and explored the distinctness of the communities sampled by the various collecting methods. Our approach takes the incompleteness of our inven-tories into account and estimates the number of unobserved shared species. Rank sample abundance was positively correlated with number of sites observed. However, when sample abundance was scaled by incidence (as an index of de-tection probability), this relationship disappeared. This suggests no difference in the probability that abundant and rare species will be present in different sites even if the detection probability of rare species is low. The three sites differed in their observed and estimated point diversity with the lowest diversity site, Cuc Phuong, also having the least vertically-stratified spider community. The three sites, separated by 150–300 km and differing in vegetation community, eleva-tion, geology, and other attributes, experience an estimated 65–85% turnover in species composition over differences of this magnitude. We discuss the rationale for using the non-parametric estimator approach and caution that estimates can be unreliable when samples contain an insufficient portion of the community.
CHECKLIST OF VESPID SPECIES (INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) OCCURRING IN INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGO
Hari Nugroho;
Jun-ichi Kojima;
James M Carpenter
TREUBIA Vol 38 (2011): Vol. 38, December 2011
Publisher : Research Center for Biology
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DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v38i0.547
A total of 383 vespid species belonging to 63 genera from Indonesia are listed, together with information of the type material deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). The references of their distribution in Indonesia are also provided.