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BERITA BIOLOGI

berita_biologi
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

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Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Articles 20 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 4 (2007)" : 20 Documents clear

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BIJI PICUNG (Pangium edule Reinw.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS KEONG MAS (Pomacea canaliculate Lamck.) Yuningsih, Yuningsih; Kartina, Gina
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

This research attempted to substitute commercial with botanical molluscicide i.e. picung (Pangium edule) seed. The trial of picung seed water extract (PWE) was conducted in 3 groups of gold apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata) - (GAS).Group 1 with body weight (bw) was 4 to 5 grams, Group 2 was 10 to 12 grams and Group 3 was blank. Both group (1 and 2) were soaked in 4 regimes of cyanide concentration from PWE: 100, 50, 25 and 12.5 /tg/mi and put 10 snails for each concentration. The observation on their mortality was conducted for 24 hours. The result showed that PWE killed 100% of GAS (< 1 hour) with concentration in 50 Âµg/ml and 25 ÃÂµ g/ml cyanide in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively, with clinical sign is the production of excessive mucous as criteria of molluscicide effect thus picung seed is quite significant as botanical molluscicide.

MIKROPROPAGASI TANAMAN ILES-ILES {Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Imelda, Maria; Wulansari, Aida; Poerba, Yuyu S
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

In Indonesia, iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) has not yet been cultivated intensively; their cultivation area is still limited. This species contains high glucomannan, which is useful as food diet, paper pulp, textile, paint, film-negative, celluloid and cosmetic industry. The cultivation of A. muelleri is hampered by limited genetic quality of plant.The species is triploid (2n=3x=39), the seed is developed apomictically, and pollen production is low.This may explain that the species is difficult to breed conventionally and genetic variability in the existing landraces cultivars is rather limited. Genetic variability of this plant is therefore can be achieve by induced mutation through tissue cultures for use in breeding program to develop better cultivars.Developing an efficient and effective micropropagation of the species is therefore important for use in the genetic improvement program.In other hands, the prospect for development and export of iles-iles is high since the demand from Japan alone has not been fulfilled. Propagation of iles-iles is generally done by splitting tubers, bulbils or leaf cuttings, but this method can not yield planting materials in large quantities within a relatively short time. In this research, young shoots which had just appeared from tubers were used as a source of explants. Sterilization of the explants was carried out in 0.05 % HgCl, solution for 20 min, rinsed several times with sterile distilled water and then cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.1-0.2 mg/1 Thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.5-1.0 mg/1 Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5-1.0 mg/1 Kinetin (KIN) singly or in combination. Acclimatization of plantlets was done on 3 kinds of media namely (A), soil + compost, (B) soil + compost.+ cocopeat, and (C) soil + cocopeat. The results showed that the best medium is MS containing 0.2 mg/1 TDZ and 0,5 mg/1 BAP for in vitro shootbuds induction and proliferation of iles-iles, while MS without plant growth regulators is suitable for shoot growth and root formation and soil + compost + cocopeat for acclimatization of plantlets.

MAKROZOOBENTOS YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN PADANG LAMUN DIPERAIRAN PULAU BARRANG LOMPO, MAKASSAR, SULAWESI SELATAN Litaay, Magdalena; Priosambodo, Dody; Asmus, Harald; Saleh, Amrullah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A study on community structure of macrozoobenthos was conducted in the vicinity of seagrass beds Barrang Lompo Island Waters,Makassar. The aim of this study was to investigate species composition, density of macrozoobenthos in the area.Total of 27 species macrozoobenthos were identified during this study.Modiolus micropterus is the most dominant species with density of 542 individu/m .The highest diversity index was found in southeast side (2.38) while northeast side has diversity index only 0.70. Macrozoobentos composition in both station were different with similarity index of 21%.

KOMPOSISI DAN KELIMPAHAN JENIS IKAN AIR TAWAR PADA LAHAN GAMBUT DIWILAYAH PROPINSI RIAU Haryono, Haryono
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A study of fish community on peat swamp areas was conduct in Siak and Peialawan, Riau Province. The aims of study are to know species composition/fish diversity, abundance, local distribution, potency, status and habitat types. The results were recorded 23 species belongs to 16 genera and 11 families.Cyprinid is dominant family with 6 species, Belontia hasselti is the most abundant and widest distributed, almost all species are belongs to ornamental fish; 4 endemic species were found.The habitat consist of three types.

AKAR PENYEBAB DEFORESTASI DI SEKITAR SUNGAI PEMERIHAN PERBATASAN TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN, LAMPUNGBARAT Suyadi, Suyadi; Gaveau, David Luc Andre
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

The destruction of lowland tropical forests represents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity in Sumatras third-largest protected area, the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP). Here, we integrate time-series satellite and socio-economic information in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to unravel the root causes of deforestation in two encroachments(Cawangaro and Sumbersari) near Pemerihan River bordering BBSNP.Cawangaro was originally developed as an enclave in 1965.Sumbersari remained forested until 1978.Both encroachments experienced higher deforestation rates during the late 1970s and in 2005. Our GIS combined with historical records show that large-scale logging, high coffee price and village development plans (perluasan lahan usahatani penduduk) drove deforestation during late 1970s. Throughout the 1980s and until 1997/1998, deforestation rates have been negligible as strong law enforcement measures were adopted by the Government to protect biodiversity during the implementation of Indonesias first land-use plan (TGHK). Since the 1997-1998 Asian economic crisis, deforestation rates have increased again. Results from socio-economic surveys showed that illegal logging has become one major factor driving agricultural encroachments in Pemerihan since 1998. Local tycoons have exploited the parks timber since Suhartos fall, probably due to the decline of law and order. While timber extraction itself has caused very limited damage to the forest, this illegal activity sparked a land race among farmers inside the park.

ANALISA BAHAN SARANG BURUNG PECUK PADI HITAM {Phalacrocorax sulcirostris) di SUAKA MAGASATWA PULAU RAMBUT, TELUK JAKARTA Fithri, Aida
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

The research was conducted from January 2002 to June 2003 at Pulau Rambut Wildlife Sanctuary Jakarta Bay. The objectives of this research were to explore the breeding strategy of Little Black Cormorant {Phalacrocorax sulcirostris) by analyzing their nest materials. The birds built their nest by using natural and unnatural materials. The shape and texture of nest material were rigid, rope-like and soft. The sources of nest material were trees, forest floor, beach, abandoned nest, aquatic plant living on the bottom of tbe sea, floating material from Java Island and fisherman activities at the sea surrounding Pulau Rambut Wildlife sanctuary.In addition they also collected nest materials by stealing from other nests, nest material carried by other flying individual, and from other individual floating on the sea while seizing the nest material in their beak. All nest materials were carried with their beak.Rigid materials were carried horizontally or diagonally and rope-like material were dorsally or ventrally.

APLIKASI MEDIA TUMBUH DAN PERENDAMAN BUI PADA PERKECAMBAHAN JELUTUNG (Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook, f) Utami, Ning Wikan; Widjaja, EA; Hidayat, Arief
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Jelutung {Dyera costulata) is a potential plant species that has good an economic prospect,_especially for timber and latex production. The aim of this research is to know the effect of seed soaking treatments and growth media variation on seed germination of jelutung. The experiment was carried out in the Treub Laboratory, Research Centre for Biology-LIPI, Bogor, using a Complete Randomized Design with two main factors in three replications. The first factor is growth media i.e. peat + saw dush (1:2), peat + cocopeat (1:2), peat + zeolit (1:1), peat + saw dush (1:1), soil + peat (1:1) and soil (control). The second factor is soaking of seeds in fresh water for 0, 6, 12 or 18 hours prior to sowing. The results showed that there was no interaction effect of growth media and seed soaking treatments. However, both factors had individual significant effects on the germination of jelutung. Therefore it is recommended the best media for germination are peat + cocopeat (1:2), peat + zeolit (1:1), (or) peat +saw dush (1:2). These media had pH between 4 - 4.7. Seed soaking prior to sowing is not required for the germination of jelutung seed. In fact, the longer the time of seed soaked, the lower the germination of the seed. The highest germination percentage was 74%,which was recorded in treatment combination of mixed media peat + zeolit (1:1) without or with soaking of the seed in water for6 hours.

EPIFIT DAN LIANA PADA POHON DI HUTAN PAMAH PRIMER DAN BEKAS TERBAKAR KALIMANTAN TIMUR, INDONESIA SIMBOLON, Herwint
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Epiphytes and lianas on the trees grown in three categories of gradation of Mixed Dipteroearp Forests (natural, lightly degraded and heavily degraded after forest fires) have been studied in Bukit Bangkirai Nature Recreation Park, East Kalimantan.166 species of epiphytes and lianas were found in those three study plots, among them 89; 134 and 56 species were distributed in the natural, lightly degraded and heavily degraded forest plots, respectively. 30 species were distributed widely in three types of forests, 37 species were tend to be the shade tolerant species and 16 species as light demanding species, since they were distributed in the closed and open forests, respectively. The most common species that distributed in those three studied plots were Derris elegans, Spatholobus gyrocarpus and Embelia ribes. Number of epiphytes and lianas on the single individual tree host were increase as the tree diameter increased. Number of species of epiphytes and lianas on a species of host were increased as the number of individuals were increased, indicates that most of these epiphytes and lianas were not host specific.

EFEK GENETIK IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA PADA LALAT BUAH (Drosophila melanogaster Meig) JANTAN PRA KAWIN Sofyan, Rochestri; Sumpena, Yana; Syarif, Supartini; R, Ira Adiyati
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

An investigation about the effect of gamma irradiation on the progeny development of male fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster Meig) pre-marital has been done.The purpose of this study is to comprehend the changes in progeny as well as the probability of abnormal phenotype to fruit fly progeny as the result of gamma irradiation to male fruit fly pre-marital.The study has been conducted using Completely Randomize Design method with six repetitions. Pre-marital male fruit flies were irradiated at the doses of 10, 15 and 20 Gy with gamma ray from "Co source, having a dose rate of 0.66 Gy/hour. The irradiated fruit flies and non-irradiated ones as control, mated immediately with virgin female, then the first progeny (F,) was observed. The parameters used in this study were the total number of progeny and the number of abnormal phenotype of the progeny. The data were analyzed by using Analysis of varians (ANOVA), proceeded with Duncan test. Regression analyses was also perform to comprehend how far gamma irradiation affected the fruit fly progeny. The result indicated that gamma irradiation significantly affected (a=l%) the total number of progeny The average total number of fruit fly progeny caused by gamma irradiation with the doses of 10, 15 and 20 Gy, tend to decrease i.e. 43, 81 and 85%. It appeared that gamma irradiation caused mutation which figures as wing abnormality. It was also found that an irradiation dose of 10 Gy do not caused abnormality. Abnormal phenotype to the wing organ began to appear at the given dose of 15 Gy.

DISTRIBUSI INFEKSI PENYAKIT WHITE SYNDROMES DAN KARANG MEMUTIH (CORAL BLEACHING) PADA KOMUNITAS KARANG KERAS DIPULAU PETONDAN TIMUR, KEPULAUAN SERIBU Yusri, Safran; Estradivari, Estradivari
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v8i4.2112

Currently, there are few information regarding the infection of diseases to corals in Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, eventhough scientists have suspected that coral diseases and coral bleaching event would occur in the area due to the pollution from Jakarta. In April 17 - 22 2006, a survey was done in Petondan Timur as a response of oil spill incident in the previous month. Results show that 3.9% of coral colony from 16 genera were infected with white syndromes (WS), with 2,1% bleached. This is a shocking result because no infection were found in February 2006.Acroporids and Pocilloporids were the most affected with WS. The infection also occurs more in the shallow area (3 m).It also seems that the infection correlates with coral bleaching.This phenomenon is suggested to happen due to the combination of oil spill incident and seasonal transition.

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