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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 2 (2015)" : 6 Documents clear
Macerated-Pineapple Core Crude Extract-derived Bromelain Has Low Cytotoxic Effect in NIH-3T3 Fibroblast Dewi Liliany Margaretta; Angliana Chouw; Yanni Dirgantara; Melanie Sadono Djamil; Ferry Sandra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v7i2.75

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Bromelain is a sulfhydryl proteolytic enzyme that can hydrolyze protein, protease or peptide. Bromelain can be found in pineapple stem, fruit and core. Bromelain is composed of 212 amino acid residues with cysteine-25 forming a polypeptide chain that can hydrolyze peptide bonds by H2O. In medicine, bromelain has been developed as antibiotic, cancer drug, anti-inflammatory agent and immunomodulator. In dentistry, bromelain has potential to reduce plaque formation on the teeth and to irrigate root canal.METHODS: Pineapple core was dried for 3 days to get simplicia. Then simplicia was extracted with water solvent for 24 hours. After that, the macerated-pineapple core crude extract-derived bromelain (PCB) was separated by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) staining to ensure the presence of bromelain. In cytotoxic test, NIH-3T3 fibroblast cultures were treated with extracts in various concentrations to for 24 or 48 hours. Number of fibroblasts was calculated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.RESULTS: Pineapple core extraction using maceration method produced relative high yield (concentration: 1.5424 g/mL) of bromelain, which was confirmed by CBB staining results with the molecular weight of 33 kDa. Based on cytotoxic test results of PCB on NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, 24-hours-incubation LD50 was 95.7 g/L, while 48-hours-incubation LD50 was 51.1 g/L.CONCLUSION: PCB has low cytotoxic effect in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts.KEYWORDS: bromelain, pineapple, extract, cytotoxic, MTT
Brucea javanica Leaf Extract Induced Apoptosis in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HSC2) Cells by Attenuation of Mitochondrial Membrane Permeability Britanto Dani Wicaksono; Enos Tangkearung; Ferry Sandra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v7i2.76

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Brucea javanica extract has been reported to have anti-proliferative and cell death induction activities. B. javanica extract was reported to induce apoptosis through caspase cascade. Most of investigated B. javanica extracts were derived from seeds and fruits, or commercially available oil emulsion. Therefore we conducted a study on B. javanica leaf extract (BJLE) in oral cancer cells.METHODS: B. javanica leaves were collected, identified, minced, dried, extracted with distilled ethanol at room temperature for 24 hours, filtered and evaporated. Resulted BJLE was stored at 4°C. Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC)-2 cells were fasted for 12 hours and treated with BJLE in various concentrations for 24 hours. Cells were then quantified with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, demonstrated with 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. To find out mitochondrial membrane permeability (MMP), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) was analyzed.RESULTS: BJLE reduced percentage of viable HSC-2 cells in a concentration dependent manner. BJLE induced apoptosis in HSC-2 cells. With treatment of 50 μg/ml BJLE, fragmented nuclei were seen. ΔΨM of HSC-2 cells treated with 50 μg/ml BJLE were shifted to the left, meaning that BJLE induced reduction of ΔΨM and attenuation of MMP.CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that BJLE could induce apoptosis by attenuating MMP.KEYWORDS: Brucea javanica, leaf, apoptosis, HSC-2, MTT, DAPI, mitochondria, permeability
In Search for Anti-Aging Strategy: Can We Rejuvenate Our Aging Stem Cells? Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v7i2.72

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggested that we grow old partly because of our stem cells grow old as a result of mechanisms that suppress the development of cancer over a lifetime. We believe that a further, more precise mechanistic understanding of this process will be required before this knowledge can be translated into human anti-aging therapies.CONTENT: A diminished capacity to maintain tissue homeostasis is a central physiological characteristic of aging. As stem cells regulate tissue homeostasis, depletion of stem cell reserves and/or diminished stem cell function have been postulated to contribute to aging. It has further been suggested that accumulated DNA damage could be a principal mechanism underlying age-dependent stem cell decline. It is interesting that many of the rejuvenating interventions act on the stem cell compartments, perhaps reflecting shared genetic and biochemical pathways controlling stem cell function and longevity. Strategy to slow down the aging processes is based on caloric restriction refers to a dietary regimen low in calories but without undernutrition. Sirtuin (SIRT)1 and 3, increases longevity by mimicking the beneficial effects of caloric restriction. SIRT3 regulates stress-responsive mitochondrial homeostasis, and more importantly, SIRT3 upregulation rejuvenates aged stem cells in tissues. Resveratrol (3,5,4’-trihydroxystilbene), a natural polyphenol found in grapes and wine, was the most powerful natural activator of SIRT1. In fact, resveratrol treatment has been demonstrated to rescue adult stem cell decline, slow down bodyweight loss, improve trabecular bone structure and mineral density, and significantly extend lifespan.SUMMARY: Tissue-specific stem cells persist throughout the entire lifespan to repair and maintain tissues, but their self-renewal and differentiation potential become dysregulated with aging. Given that adult stem cells are thought to be central to tissue maintenance and organismal survival, SIRT3 may promote organismal longevity by maintaining the integrity of tissue-speciic stem cells.KEYWORDS: rejuvenation, aging, stem cell, DNA damage, sirtuin activator
A Comparative Study between Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia and General Anesthesia for Patients Who Underwent Modified Radical Mastectomy with Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in De La Salle University Medical Center Eva Oktavia
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v7i2.77

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To compare the recovery time and other related clinical outcomes among patients who underwent Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) with axillary lymph node dissection under Continuous Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia (CTEA) and General Endotracheal Tube Anesthesia (GETA).METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study with 70 patients who underwent MRM in De La Salle University Medical Centre (DLSUMC), categorized into GETA and CTEA group consisted of 35 patients each. Per oral premedications 15 mg midazolam, 40 mg omeprazole and 10 mg metoclopramide were given 1 hour prior to surgery. Intra-operative hypotension/hypertension, tachycardia/bradycardia status, length of Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and hospital stay, and Post Operative Nausa and Vomiting (PONV) incidence were compared between 2 groups.RESULTS: Preoperatively, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of subject characteristic. Intra-operatively, hypertension was more frequent in GETA group (28.6% vs. 0%), while hypotension was more frequent in the CTEA (80% vs. 57.1%). Tachycardia was more frequent in GETA group (46.6% vs. 0%), meanwhile bradycardia was more frequent in CTEA (40% vs. 17.1%). Postoperatively, the GETA group had shorter PACU stay than CTEA (230 mins vs. 267 mins), but CTEA group had a shorter time of hospital stay compared to GETA (58.1 hours vs. 67.7 hours). The incidence of PONV were comparable among the two groups (GETA 46.7% vs. CTEA 50%). Statistically there were no significant differences between the two groups in all of the above characteristics.CONCLUSION: CTEA technique has no effect on inducing hypertension and tachycardia, but hypotension and bradycardia may occur. Although GETA gives shorter PACU duration, CTEA gives shorter hospital stay. This gave impression that CTEA is an effective alternative technique to GETA in patients who underwent MRM with axillary dissection.KEYWORDS: modified radical mastectomy, general anesthesia, epidural anesthesia
Molecular Regulation and Rejuvenation of Muscle Stem (Satellite) Cell Aging Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v7i2.73

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Age-related muscle loss leads to lack of muscle strength, resulting in reduced posture and mobility and an increased risk of falls, all of which contribute to a decrease in quality of life. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process, which is not yet completely understood.CONTENT: Skeletal muscle undergoes a progressive age-related loss in mass and function. Preservation of muscle mass depends in part on satellite cells, the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle. Reduced satellite cell function may contribute to the age-associated decrease in muscle mass. Recent studies have delineated that the aging process in organ stem cells is largely caused by age-specific changes in the differentiated niches, and that regenerative outcomes often depend on the age of the niche, rather than on stem cell age. It is likely that epigenetic states will be better define such key satellite cell features as prolonged quiescence and lineage fidelity. It is also likely that DNA and histone modifications will underlie many of the changes in aged satellite cells that account for age-related declines in functionality and rejuvenation through exposure to the systemic environment.SUMMARY: Skeletal muscle aging results in a gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle function and regenerative capacity, which can lead to sarcopenia and increased mortality. Although the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia remain unclear, the skeletal muscle stem cell, or satellite cell, is required for muscle regeneration. Decreased muscle stem cell function in aging has long been shown to depend on altered environmental cues, whereas the contribution of intrinsic mechanisms remained less clear. Signals in the aged niche were shown to cause permanent defects in the ability of satellite cells to return to quiescence, ultimately also impairing the maintenance of self-renewing satellite cells. Therefore, only anti-aging strategies taking both factors, the stem cell niche and the stem cells per se, into consideration may ultimately be successful.KEYWORDS: satellite cell, muscle, aging, niche, regenerations
Heterogeneous Stem Cells in Skin Homeostatis and Wound Repair Anna Meilana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v7i2.74

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The skin protects mammals from insults, infection and dehydration and enables thermoregulation and sensory perception. Various skin-resident cells carry out these diverse functions. Constant turnover of cells and healing upon injury necessitate multiple reservoirs of stem cells. The skin is a complex organ harboring several distinct populations of stem cells and a rich array of cell types. Advances in genetic and imaging tools have brought new findings about the lineage relationships between skin stem cells and their progeny. Such knowledge may offer novel avenues for therapeutics and regenerative medicine.CONTENT: In the past years, our view of the mechanisms that govern skin homeostasis and regeneration have markedly changed. New populations of stem cells have been identified that behave spatio-temporally differently in healthy tissues and in situations of damage, indicating that a great level of stem cell heterogeneity is present in the skin. There are believed to be distinct populations of stem cells in different locations. The lineages that they feed are normally constrained by signals from their local environment, but they can give rise to all epidermal lineages in response to appropriate stimuli. Given the richness of structures such as blood vessels, subcutaneous fat, innervation and the accumulation of fibroblasts under the upper parts of the rete ridges (in the case of human skin), it is reasonable to speculate that the microenvironment might be essential for interfollicular epidermal homeostasis. The bloodstream is probably the main source of long-range signals reaching the skin, and cues provided by the vascular niche might be essential for skin homeostasis.SUMMARY: A key function of the interfollicular epidermis is to act as a protective interface between the body and the external environment, and it contains several architectural elements that enable it to fulfill this function. All elements of the epidermis play active roles in regulating skin function, which might not have been anticipated from their role in maintaining skin integrity. Skin cell research benefits from the integration of complementary technologies and disciplines. How skin function is regulated and how it may be possible to intervene to treat a variety of skin conditions. Ultimately also impairing the maintenance of self-renewing satellite cells. Therefore, only anti-aging strategies taking both factors, the stem cell niche and the stem cells per se, into consideration may ultimately be successful.KEYWORDS: epidermis, hair follicle, fibroblast, skin stem cells, homeostasis, regeneration

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