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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 2 (2017)" : 7 Documents clear
Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2) as A Therapeutical Target in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review Asri Hendrawati
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v9i2.311

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Increasing free radicals and oxidative stress due to chronic hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) promotes the activity of endogenic antioxidative genes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and activity are important to regulate the production of endogenic antioxidative enzymes.CONTENT: Normally, Nrf2 is bound by protein Kelchlike ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1) in the cytosol. Stimulation from oxidative stress causes the release of Nrf2 from Keap1. When activated, Nrf2 enters the nucleus and activates the antioxidant response element (ARE). This will further increase the production of antioxidative enzymes, such as catalase, nitrite oxydase and heme oxygenase-1. The discovery of oxidative stress, as the cause of complications in DM, gives rise to the idea of developing a treatment which can increase the expression and activity of Nrf2, one of which is a flavonoid antioxidant.SUMMARY: Currently, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is an important target in the therapy of DM.KEYWORDS: Nrf2, type-2 diabetes mellitus, endogenic antioxidative enzymes, oxidative stress, antioxidants
Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of CD117+ Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament Cells Ferry Sandra; Janti Sudiono; Ciptadhi Tri Oka Binartha; Angliana Chouw; Melanie Sadono Djamil
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v9i2.286

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) and periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) have been suggested as valuable seed cells for bone engineering, suggesting that both stem cells are potential osteogenic sources. Since DPSC and PDLSC seem like to have similar potential in bone formation, we conducted a study to compare morphology, immunophenotype and cell growth of DPSC and PDLSC isolated from the same teeth.METHODS: Human dental pulps and periodontal ligaments were obtained from freshly extracted partial impacted third molar teeth. Collected samples were digested with type I collagenase. Resulted cell suspension was washed and cultured. For biomarker identification, the cells were fixed and bound with anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-cluster of differentiation (CD)117 antibody. For cell growth quantification, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used. Meanwhile for osteogenic differentiation, the cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 1-3 weeks, fixed and stained with alizarin red.RESULTS: Morphology of dental pulps cell (DPC) and periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) in passage 5 was similar. Clear CD117 green fluorescence of DPC and PDLC in passage 5 was observed. Cell growth rate of PDLC was higher than the one of DPC, 0.3858 and 0.3848 respectively. DPC formed bone nodule on the third week culture in osteogenic medium, while PDLC showed bone nodule formation on the second week culture.CONCLUSION: We suggest that DPC and PDLC are potential seed cells for osteogenic regeneration, since they had cell growth capacity and osteogenic differentiation, particularly PDLC that had faster osteogenic differentiation.KEYWORDS: dental pulp, periodontal ligament, cell, growth, osteogenic differentiation
The Immunobiology of Cancer: An Update Review Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v9i2.342

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The introduction of mechanism based targeted therapies to treat human cancers has been pledge as one of the results of three decades of remarkable progress of research into the mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis. We ponder how the description of hallmark principles is start to inform therapeutic development currently and may increasingly do so in the future.CONTENT: There are 10 biological capabilities involved as the hallmarks of cancer, during the multistep of human tumors development. These hallmarks simplify the complexities of neoplastic disease into a structured rational principles, includes sustaining proliferative signaling, eluding growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genome instability, inflammation, reprogramming energy metabolism and evading immune destruction.SUMMARY: The 10 hallmarks of cancer, in other words, the tumor’s distinctive and complementary capabilities that enable its growth and metastatic dissemination, continue to provide a solid foundation for understanding the biology of cancer. The acknowledgment of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly influence the development of new manners to treat human cancer.KEYWORDS: hallmark of cancer, cancer genome, inflammation, cancer immunology, metastasis
Antioxidant Activity of Phyllanthus niruri Extract, Rutin and Quercetin Djaja Rusmana; Roro Wahyudianingsih; Mariska Elisabeth; Balqis Balqis; Maesaroh Maesaroh; Wahyu Widowati
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v9i2.281

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Normal metabolism of oxygen and exogenous factors constantly generate free radicals which could be harmful to the human body. Human need antioxidants to provide protection against free radicals, thus plants are a good source of natural antioxidants. Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) has been known to possess several medicinal properties and contain numerous active phytochemical. In this research, we conducted phytochemical screening and antioxidant assay of P. niruri extract along with the compounds rutin and quercetin, which are flavonoids possessing medicinal properties. This study was conducted to determine P. niruri, rutin and quercetin as antioxidant.METHODS: In this study, qualitative phytochemical screening was performed to detect phenol, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, steroid/triterpenoid, terpenoid and alkaloid in P. niruri extract. Antioxidant analysis of P. niruri, rutin and quercetin was conducted using total measured phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.RESULTS:  The study revealed that P. niruri extract contained saponin, phenol, flavonoid and tannin based on phytochemical screening. In DPPH and ABTS assays quercetin possessed highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 0.55 and 1.17 μg/ml respectively. Meanwhile, P. niruri extract showed the highest FRAP activity which was 373.95 μM Fe(II)/μg extract. Rutin possessed the lowest antioxidant activity in all antioxidant assays.CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that P. niruri extract and quercetin have great potential as a natural antioxidant source.KEYWORDS: asntioxidant, phytochemical, Phyllanthus niruri, quercetin, rutin, free radical
Busulfan Treatment Effects on Testicular Tissue and Serum Levels of Anti- Mullerian Hormone and Testosterone in Adult Mice Arash Payehdar; Ebrahim Hosseini; Davood Mehrabani; Mohsen Forouzanfar
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v9i2.323

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Busulfan, a chemotherapeutic drug, is an alkylating antineoplastic agent that belongs to the class of alkyl sulfonates and has some side effects on fertility. This research was aimed to investigate the effects of busulfan on testicular tissue and serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone in adult mice.METHODS: Eighteen adult male Balb/C mice were collected randomly and were assigned in three groups including; control, azoospermia and spontaneous recovery. The groups, except for control group, received two injections of busulfan (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally with 21-days interval in order to induce azoospermia. Thirty-five and 140 days after the last injection, the effects of busulfan on testicular tissue were evaluated by histologic, histomorphometric and hormonal changes. AMH and testosterone were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits, respectively.RESULTS: Hormonal analyses showed no significant differences in AMH and testosterone serum levels. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation showed disrupted spermatogenesis in azoospermia group, and restoration of spermatogenesis spontaneously in spontaneous recovery group.CONCLUSION: Busulfan at doses was used had no effect on AMH and testosterone serum levels. Busulfan can also induce azoospermia on a temporary basis however, in long term, spontaneous recovery can occur. The results indicated that some side effects are reversible and may depend on the dose applied.KEYWORDS: Busulfan, anti-Mullerian hormone, testosterone, mouse, testis
DNA Sequence Analysis of dtxR Gene (Partial) of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Causing Diphtheria in Jawa and Kalimantan Islands, Indonesia Sunarno Sunarno; Yuanita Mulyastuti; Nelly Puspandari; Kambang Sariadji
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v9i2.268

Abstract

BACKGROUND: dtxR gene is a global regulator that can be used as a marker for detection of Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) and it is also a representative tool for mapping purpose (molecular typing) of this bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyze the DNA sequences of partial dtxR gene of C. diphtheriae causing diphtheria in some region of Indonesia. DNA sequence analysis was used to verify the accuracy of the in-house multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method that used for detection of C. diphtheriae in the clinical specimen as well as a preliminary study to determine the strain diversity of C. diphtheriae circulating in Indonesia.METHODS:Ten PCR products targeting the dtxR gene that have been detected as positive C. diphtheriae previously by in-house multiplex PCR used as samples in this study. The DNA sequencing carried out by Sanger method and the sequence data was analyzed by Bioedit software offline and basic local alignment sequence typing (BLAST) online.RESULTS: All of DNA sequence analyzed in this study were similar or identical to the dtxR gene sequence data of C. diphtheriae registered in GenBank. Within the 162 nucleotides (base 150-311) of dtxR gene that analyzed, at least 2 clonals were found among 10 samples. Substitutions of 2 nucleotides (base 225 and 273) was detected, both were silent mutation.CONCLUSION:Ten partial DNA sequences of dtxR genes in this study verify the accuracy of in-house multiplex PCR which used to identify the bacteria causing diphtheria in the clinical specimen. The DNA sequences also represent the existing diversity of the bacteria causing diphtheria circulating in Indonesia.KEYWORDS: dtxR, C. diphtheriae, diphtheria, Indonesia
Early Screening of Hemoglobinopathy in Indonesia Using Erythrocyte Indices Yenny Surjawan; Hwee Lian Tan; Rahajuningsih Dharma Setiabudy; Wiwik Rositawati
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v9i2.313

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The mutation spectrums of hemoglobinopathy are different among populations that yield a different result of erythrocyte indices. Calculation of erythrocyte indices with some formula has been reported to differentiate between hemoglobinopathy and non-hemoglobinopathy, but its cut-off should be recalculated specific for each population to gain a better sensitivity and specificity. We aimed to evaluate red blood cell count (RBC), Mentzer index, red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW index (RDWI), Shine and Lal index (S&L) and Green and King index (G&K) to screen hemoglobinopathy in Indonesia.METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 202 subjects. The diagnosis of hemoglobinopathy was determined based on the results of complete blood count (CBC) data, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Hemoglobin H (HbH) inclusion body. The ferritin concentration was checked to determine the status of iron. The erythrocytes indices were analyzed and calculated to predict hemoglobinopathy. RESULTS: A total 202 subjects who met the criteria were involved in this study. Fifty percent showed pure hemoglobinopathy and 4% showed a combination of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin concentration and RBC were significantly higher, and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and RDW were significantly lower in hemoglobinopathy compared to iron deficiency. The difference was not significant if the hemoglobinopathy was combined with iron deficiency. By this study's cut-off, the G&K and RDWI showed the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.CONCLUSION: The new cut-off of erythrocyte index and its calculation to screen hemoglobinopathy in Indonesia showed a higher sensitivity and specificity, especially for G&K and RDWI with cut-off 73 and 228, respectively. The presence of iron deficiency in hemoglobinopathy could decrease the sensitivity.KEYWORDS: hemoglobinopathy, RBC, Mentzer index, RDW, RDWI, S&L, G&K

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