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Can Virtual Influencers Be Trusted Like Humans? A Social-Psychological Study in Indonesia Agung Stefanus Kembau; Christian Haposan Pangaribuan; Devi Yurisca Bernanda; Fidelia Novena Doa
Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jip.9.2.149-171.2025

Abstract

. In Indonesia’s collectivistic yet mobile first marketplace, virtual influencers have evolved from eye catching avatars into algorithmic peers whose persuasive power rests on a blend of social conformity and personal enjoyment. Leveraging the Artificial Intelligence Device Use Acceptance (AIDUA) model, this study isolates primary (cognitive) and secondary (affective) appraisals to explain why users embrace—or recoil from—synthetic personae. A cross sectional online survey of 286 Indonesian social media users (aged 18 35) tested a structural model linking social influence and hedonic motivation to performance expectancy, anthropomorphism to effort expectancy, and both cognitions to discrete positive and negative emotions. Variance based SEM (SmartPLS 4) produced robust psychometrics and significant pathways: social influence (β = .34) and hedonic motivation (β = .46) jointly explained 45 % of performance expectancy, while anthropomorphism sharply reduced perceived effort (β = .61; R² = .38). Performance expectancy amplified positive emotion (β = .48) and effort expectancy mitigated negative emotion (β = −.41), with the model accounting for 42 % of positive and 29 % of negative affect. These results uncover “utilitarian collectivism”—a dual cognitive–affective engine wherein peer validation and hedonic thrill sustain utilitarian value—and position anthropomorphism as a usability heuristic rather than a mere novelty cue.
What Drives the Adoption of Virtual Influencers in Indonesia? A TAM2 Perspective on Social Influence and Cognitive Absorption Agung Stefanus Kembau; Devi Yurisca Bernanda; Arief Perdana Kumaat; Fidelia Novena Doa
Economics and Digital Business Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : STIE Amkop Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The rise of Virtual Influencers (VIs) in digital marketing has revolutionized the way brands engage with consumers, yet the underlying factors that drive their adoption and interaction remain largely unexplored, particularly in emerging markets such as Indonesia. This study delves into the Behavioral Intention to Use (BIU) Virtual Influencers, applying the Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM2) to identify key determinants like Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Social Influence (SI), and Facilitating Conditions (FC). Furthermore, the research investigates the mediating roles of Attitude Toward Using (ATU) and Cognitive Absorption (CA). Through an online survey of 198 Indonesian social media users familiar with AI applications, the results reveal that PU and PEOU directly influence ATU, which in turn significantly shapes BIU. SI and FC exert both direct and indirect effects via ATU and CA. These findings highlight the critical role of cognitive and social factors in driving consumer engagement with VIs in Indonesia, offering valuable insights for businesses aiming to capitalize on this emerging trend. The study extends traditional technology adoption models, calling for further exploration of cultural dynamics and long-term impacts on consumer behavior.
Performance or Pleasure: Which Counts More for Virtual-Influencer Adoption in Indonesia? Kinerja atau Kenikmatan: Mana yang Lebih Penting dalam Penerapan Influencer Virtual di Indonesia? Agung Stefanus Kembau; Christian Haposan Pangaribuan; Arief Perdana Kumaat; Devi Yurisca Bernanda; Fidelia Novena Doa
JBMP (Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Perbankan) Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jbmp.v11i2.2168

Abstract

In mobile-first collectivistic markets such as Indonesia, research has not yet clarified how consumers respond to virtual influencers (VIs), AI-driven characters that sell, entertain, and chat in parasocial spaces. Filling this gap is important because Indonesia is projected to become Asia’s fastest-growing e-commerce arena, valued at roughly ninety-five billion US dollars. We adapted the Artificial Intelligence Device Use Acceptance (AIDUA) model and surveyed 235 Instagram users aged 18 to 35 years who follow at least one VI. After pretesting, the final PLS-SEM model satisfied all reliability (CR ≥ 0.89) and convergent validity (AVE ≥ 0.73) thresholds and explained 37 percent of the variance in willingness to accept VIs. Positive emotion emerged as the strongest driver (β = 0.51, p < 0.001). Performance expectancy showed both a direct effect (β = 0.12, p < 0.05) and an indirect effect through emotion, whereas effort expectancy influenced acceptance solely through emotion. Perceived risk and social influence were not significant, confirming that feeling rather than function guides VI persuasion among young Indonesians. Brands should therefore pair clear decision support cues with local humor, everyday Bahasa, and low-friction interfaces to spark joy and reduce novelty skepticism, a strategy likely to accelerate VI adoption in other collectivistic mobile-centric economies.