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All Journal Al Kindi Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Multidisipliner Muaddib: Journal of Islamic Teaching and Learning
Icksan Asry Fabanjo
Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate, Indonesia
Religion Education

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Implementing Religious Moderation in Social Interactions of Tobelo Society: A Qualitative Analysis Nurhayati Masani; Icksan Asry Fabanjo
Muaddib: Journal of Islamic Teaching and Learning Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : International Islamic Studies Development and Research Center (IISDRC)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67055/x121tx42

Abstract

Religious moderation is a balanced, non-extreme approach to religion that respects differences. This concept encourages religious adherents to have a deep understanding of their own faith while respecting the beliefs of others. In practice, religious moderation means following religious teachings without imposing them on others, avoiding extremist or radical attitudes, and fostering harmony among fellow citizens. This study aims to analyze how religious moderation is implemented in Tobelo. The study employs a qualitative research method using a group case study approach, which describes the mechanisms of a process or relationship and provides a comprehensive overview in both verbal and numerical forms. Data collection techniques in this study include observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that the people of Tobelo view moderation as a middle path that allows them to remain steadfast in their own beliefs while maintaining harmonious relationships with adherents of other religions. The implementation of religious moderation in Tobelo is evident in various aspects of daily life. In a social context, the people of Tobelo actively engage in interfaith interactions through community service activities, traditional ceremonies, and celebrations of major religious holidays that are often attended by people of different faiths.
Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Ikhtilaf di Kalangan Imam Mujtahid dan Implikasinya terhadap Hukum Islam Kontemporer Nurhayati Masani; Puti Humairah Djufri; Icksan Asry Fabanjo; Mustamin Giling
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Mei
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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Abstract

Disagreements (Ikhtilaf) among mujtahid imams are an inevitable epistemological phenomenon in the Islamic legal tradition. This article analyzes the factors causing these differences, ranging from differences in understanding of texts, the istinbath method, the acceptance of hadith, to the socio-cultural context surrounding the mujtahids. Using a normative-qualitative approach with a literature review method, this article examines classical sources of ushul fiqh and contemporary literature to understand the epistemological roots of these differences. The research findings demonstrate that these differences are not weaknesses, but rather methodological richness that underpins the flexibility of Islamic law. Furthermore, this article outlines the implications of these differences for contemporary Islamic law in responding to modern issues such as bioethics, Islamic economics, family law, human rights, and societal plurality. The legacy of these differences among the mujtahid imams has proven to be an important foundation for the development of Islamic law that is adaptive, contextual, and remains faithful to the principles of sharia
Cyber Ethics dan Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Digitalisasi Peradilan Agama di Indonesia Perspektif Maqashid Syariah Putri Humaira Djufri; Icksan Asry Fabanjo
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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Abstract

The rapid digital transformation of Indonesia's judiciary, including the Religious Courts (Pengadilan Agama), raises urgent ethical and legal questions once artificial intelligence (AI) is introduced into the settlement of Islamic family law disputes. This article examines how cyber ethics, understood through the lens of maqasid al-shari'ah, the five higher objectives of Islamic law, can function as a normative and pedagogical bridge where positive law has not yet caught up with technological change. Using a normative-juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case-illustration approaches, the discussion maps each maqasid (protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property) against concrete AI risks, covers the regulatory infrastructure of e-Court and e-Litigation, the opportunities and algorithmic risks of AI in adjudicating divorce, custody (hadhanah), and inheritance (waris) cases, the protection of sensitive family data, the boundaries of judicial discretion (diskresi hakim), and the correlation between maqasid-based curriculum reform in Islamic legal education and the cultivation of AI literacy among future judges, advocates, and litigants. The analysis finds that while digitalization improves efficiency and access to justice, unchecked reliance on AI risks algorithmic bias, erosion of judicial independence, and exposure of highly sensitive family data, and that these risks can only be sustainably mitigated through maqasid-based education reform alongside regulation. The article recommends that the Supreme Court and Religious Courts adopt risk-based, sharia-compatible AI governance guidelines, and that Islamic legal education institutions integrate maqasid-based cyber ethics literacy into their curricula, with substantive justice as the ultimate objective of Islamic family adjudication.
Tantangan Khawarij, Thalhah, dan Muawiyah di Masa Ali Bin Abi Thalib: Analisis Politik, Sejarah, dan Dampaknya terhadap Dinamika Kepemimpinan Islam Awal Icksan Asry Fabanjo; Ansar Tohe
Al-Kindi Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Agustus
Publisher : Al-Kindi

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Abstract

This article comprehensively analyzes the political challenges faced by Ali bin Abi Talib during his tenure as the fourth caliph (35–40 AH/656–661 CE), focusing on three primary opposition groups: Talha bin Ubayd-Allah and Zubayr bin al-Awwam, Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan, and the Kharijites. Employing a library research approach with a descriptive-analytical qualitative method—grounded in historical and Islamic political perspectives—this study examines the causes of conflict, evolving political dynamics, Ali’s leadership strategies, and their impact on governmental stability and Muslim unity. The findings reveal that the challenges Ali faced were multidimensional, encompassing demands for retribution (*qisas*) for Uthman’s death, the political ambitions of the Umayyad family, divergent religious interpretations, economic disparities, and issues regarding leadership legitimacy. The conflict with Talha and Zubayr during the Battle of the Camel reflects the tension between the demand for justice and political stability, while the conflict with Mu'awiyah during the Battle of Siffin and the *Tahkim* (arbitration) event represents the clash between religious idealism and pragmatic political realities. The emergence of the Kharijites as an extremist group illustrates how differences of opinion can give rise to radical theological-political fragmentation. The study concludes that Ali’s leadership strategy—which prioritized consultation and the upholding of truth—encountered structural obstacles due to a weak power base and strong, organized opposition. The relevance of the conflicts during Ali’s era to contemporary Islamic political dynamics lies in the importance of managing differences, upholding balanced justice, fostering inclusive leadership, and remaining vigilant against extremism and identity politics to preserve the unity of the *Ummah*.
Co-Authors Ansar Tohe Mustamin Giling Nurhayati Masani Puti Humairah Djufri Putri Humaira Djufri