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Assessment of Five Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Catfish-Clarias gariepinus from River Benue at Ibi, Taraba State, Nigeria Johnson, Gani; Atoshi, Ago Mikyitsabu; Yakubu, Joshua; Audu, Stephen I.
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3368

Water is also a vital resource for agriculture, manufacturing and other human activities. In urban areas, the careless disposal of industrial effluents and other wastes into rivers may contribute greatly to the poor quality of river water. This research is to assess the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Catfish-Clarias gariepinus and the sediment from River Benue at Ibi, Taraba state, Nigeria. The level of heavy metals in water, sediment and catfish from the study area were assess and the estimate contamination factor and pollution load index in the sediment of the study area was also access and compared with the WHO results and other relevant standards. The results shows that the concentration of heavy metal in fish was within the WHO permissible limits. Also the concentration of Pb, Zn and Ni in catfish were significantly (P≤0.05) higher compared to the metals but they were within the WHO permissible limits except for Cd. Heavy metal concentrations in sediment were within the acceptable WHO and USEPA limits, except for Cd, and Mn. PLI values for sediment from all the sites were less than one, implying that the sediment was unpolluted. The persistence of heavy metals in water, fish and sediment samples from the studied areas over time might lead to potential health risk on both humans and aquatic lives via food ingestion. Changes in water and sediment chemistry might be responsible for the variations in the chemical properties of sediment, water and fish.

Study on Some Mechanical Properties of Waste PET and Sand Composites Atiku, Jamila Umar; Atoshi, Ago Mikyitsabu; Alheri, Andrew; Aaron, Andema Kanadi; Dass, Peter Micheal
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5513

The escalating issue of plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poses significant environmental challenges in Nigeria due to its resistance to natural degradation. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of recycling waste PET into composite materials by incorporating sand sourced from three distinct locations. Composites were formulated by blending PET waste with sand in varying ratios, designated as samples A, B, and C. We meticulously evaluated the mechanical properties of these composites, focusing on impact strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, and hardness. The findings reveal that increasing sand content correlates with a decrease in impact strength, a trend consistent across all samples as PET content diminishes. Although compressive strength initially exhibits a slight increase with additional sand, it ultimately enhances with greater PET proportions. Conversely, tensile strength experiences a modest rise with increased sand and a significant improvement with elevated PET levels. Notably, hardness decreases with rising sand content but improves with higher PET levels. These results highlight the potential of PET-sand composites as sustainable construction materials, representing a practical approach to mitigating plastic waste while contributing to eco-friendly building practices.

Assessment of Five Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Catfish-Clarias gariepinus from River Benue at Ibi, Taraba State, Nigeria Johnson, Gani; Atoshi, Ago Mikyitsabu; Yakubu, Joshua; Audu, Stephen I.
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3368

Water is also a vital resource for agriculture, manufacturing and other human activities. In urban areas, the careless disposal of industrial effluents and other wastes into rivers may contribute greatly to the poor quality of river water. This research is to assess the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Catfish-Clarias gariepinus and the sediment from River Benue at Ibi, Taraba state, Nigeria. The level of heavy metals in water, sediment and catfish from the study area were assess and the estimate contamination factor and pollution load index in the sediment of the study area was also access and compared with the WHO results and other relevant standards. The results shows that the concentration of heavy metal in fish was within the WHO permissible limits. Also the concentration of Pb, Zn and Ni in catfish were significantly (P≤0.05) higher compared to the metals but they were within the WHO permissible limits except for Cd. Heavy metal concentrations in sediment were within the acceptable WHO and USEPA limits, except for Cd, and Mn. PLI values for sediment from all the sites were less than one, implying that the sediment was unpolluted. The persistence of heavy metals in water, fish and sediment samples from the studied areas over time might lead to potential health risk on both humans and aquatic lives via food ingestion. Changes in water and sediment chemistry might be responsible for the variations in the chemical properties of sediment, water and fish.

Study on Some Mechanical Properties of Waste PET and Sand Composites Atiku, Jamila Umar; Atoshi, Ago Mikyitsabu; Alheri, Andrew; Aaron, Andema Kanadi; Dass, Peter Micheal
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5513

The escalating issue of plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poses significant environmental challenges in Nigeria due to its resistance to natural degradation. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of recycling waste PET into composite materials by incorporating sand sourced from three distinct locations. Composites were formulated by blending PET waste with sand in varying ratios, designated as samples A, B, and C. We meticulously evaluated the mechanical properties of these composites, focusing on impact strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, and hardness. The findings reveal that increasing sand content correlates with a decrease in impact strength, a trend consistent across all samples as PET content diminishes. Although compressive strength initially exhibits a slight increase with additional sand, it ultimately enhances with greater PET proportions. Conversely, tensile strength experiences a modest rise with increased sand and a significant improvement with elevated PET levels. Notably, hardness decreases with rising sand content but improves with higher PET levels. These results highlight the potential of PET-sand composites as sustainable construction materials, representing a practical approach to mitigating plastic waste while contributing to eco-friendly building practices.

Extraction, Characterization and Application of Natural Dye Extract from Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) on Cotton Fabric Johnson, Gani; Yakubu, Joshua; Atoshi, Ago Mikyitsabu; Emmanuel, Sarki Atoma-ti
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3496

Using a Soxhlet system, natural dye was extracted from beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and applied to cotton fabric. With the use of FT-IR, GC-MS, and UV-visible spectroscopy, the extracted dye was analyzed. On the cotton cloth that had been dyed, the properties of scouring, wash fastness, and light fastness were assessed. Using a mordant, the cotton fabric was treated with the natural dye extract. The dye extract has a red colour. According to the FTIR characterization data suggested the presence of N-H, C-H, C=C, C-H, C-N and C-Cl functional groups in the dye extract. Fifty one compounds were isolated and identified by the GC-MS Melezitose, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and 4-Mercaptophenol has the higest percentage area (70.19 %) and Cis-10-Nonadecenoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E)-, and cis-Vaccenic acid has the lowest percentage area (0.07%). N-H and C=C were the chromophores found in the dye extract.The color fastness to wasshing test revealed that the materials' fastness grade increased to a range of 3, indicating a fair grade of fastness, when the dye was applied using SnCl2 as a mordant.While the color fastness to light showed that cotton fabric was dyed with mordants, the fastness grade increased to a range of 5, which indicates a moderate fading resistance, when the dye was applied to the fabrics using FeSO4 as the mordant. Using K2Cr2O7 as the mordant, the fastness grade slightly decreases to a range of 1, indicating very poor grade of fastness. The result of colour fastness and SnCl2 light fastness of the dye demonstrated a moderate resistance to fading and a fair color look on cotton fabric. The colour fastness to rubbing showed that 3-4 and 2-3 colour changes were experienced for dry and wet rubbing respectively with mordant. The outcome of colour fastness of the dye showed a very good affinity to remain on the fabric when mordant was applied.

Extraction, Characterization and Application of Natural Dye Extract from Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) on Cotton Fabric Johnson, Gani; Yakubu, Joshua; Atoshi, Ago Mikyitsabu; Emmanuel, Sarki Atoma-ti
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3496

Using a Soxhlet system, natural dye was extracted from beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and applied to cotton fabric. With the use of FT-IR, GC-MS, and UV-visible spectroscopy, the extracted dye was analyzed. On the cotton cloth that had been dyed, the properties of scouring, wash fastness, and light fastness were assessed. Using a mordant, the cotton fabric was treated with the natural dye extract. The dye extract has a red colour. According to the FTIR characterization data suggested the presence of N-H, C-H, C=C, C-H, C-N and C-Cl functional groups in the dye extract. Fifty one compounds were isolated and identified by the GC-MS Melezitose, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and 4-Mercaptophenol has the higest percentage area (70.19 %) and Cis-10-Nonadecenoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E)-, and cis-Vaccenic acid has the lowest percentage area (0.07%). N-H and C=C were the chromophores found in the dye extract.The color fastness to wasshing test revealed that the materials' fastness grade increased to a range of 3, indicating a fair grade of fastness, when the dye was applied using SnCl2 as a mordant.While the color fastness to light showed that cotton fabric was dyed with mordants, the fastness grade increased to a range of 5, which indicates a moderate fading resistance, when the dye was applied to the fabrics using FeSO4 as the mordant. Using K2Cr2O7 as the mordant, the fastness grade slightly decreases to a range of 1, indicating very poor grade of fastness. The result of colour fastness and SnCl2 light fastness of the dye demonstrated a moderate resistance to fading and a fair color look on cotton fabric. The colour fastness to rubbing showed that 3-4 and 2-3 colour changes were experienced for dry and wet rubbing respectively with mordant. The outcome of colour fastness of the dye showed a very good affinity to remain on the fabric when mordant was applied.

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