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Ebola Virus Disease: A Deadly Hemorrhagic Fever Akram, Muhammad; Mahmood, Abid; Umaru, Isaac John; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5481

Abstract

The West African pandemic of 2014–2016 exposed the catastrophic effects of inadequate health systems and delayed responses, serving as a wake-up call for the international community. The Zaire virus is the most virulent of the six known Ebolavirus types and has caused the majority of human outbreaks, including the historic West African epidemic that lasted from 2014 to 2016. Depending on the virus type, host characteristics, and the availability of palliative care, Ebola can have high case fatality rates of over 50%. The potential for quick transmission, high mortality, and severe social and economic disruptions makes EVD a serious public health concern. It is believed that the Ebola virus starts in a zoonotic reservoir, most likely animals. Once in the human population, the virus is disseminated via direct contact with contaminated fomites and people. If proper infection prevention and control procedures are not implemented, family members, caregivers, and healthcare personnel are especially vulnerable. EVD manifests as a generic febrile disease that includes abrupt onset of fever, tiredness, headache, sore throat, and muscular discomfort after This is frequently followed by rash, diarrhea, vomiting, and worsening renal and liver function. Viral RNA can be found using RT-PCR, antigen capture assays, or virus isolation from blood or other clinical specimens to confirm the diagnosis. Early case identification and isolation, contact tracking, and quarantining exposed persons are essential for outbreak containment because of its high contagiousness and quick spread. The main goals of supportive treatment are electrolyte balance, fluid replenishment, and problem-solving. With the discovery of vaccinations, EVD prevention has greatly improved. Due to its excellent effectiveness, the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine (Ervebo), a recombinant live attenuated vaccine based on the vesicular stomatitis virus, is being utilized in ring vaccination techniques during epidemics. One of the main pillars of responses to recent outbreaks is the vaccination of frontline staff and high-risk contacts.
Restoring, Repairing, and Regenerating Tissues through Biomaterials, Cells, Scaffolds, and Innovative Technologies Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5578

Abstract

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is an innovative area of research and development that includes biomaterials, cells, scaffolds, scaffolding structures, and even bioactive substances to restore, repair or regenerate damaged tissues along with organs. The scope of synthetic skin expansion has now progressed to engineering kidneys, hearts, and lungs. Use of stem cell therapies or extracellular matrices for organ healing and regeneration are other; notable shifts toward tissue engineering paradigm are towards healing adn regeneration rather than the development of reconstructive surgery. While research has shown promise, there are still concerns regarding its clinical use citing complications such as immune system rejection of newly implanted tissues, ethical issues and the economical creation of engineered tissues. The efforts being made in Asia demonstrate emerging potential in TERM. Enhanced collaboration across disciplines is essential to pave new ways towards realizing current restrictions and bold influencing ideas alongside breakthroughs.
Understanding Gastritis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management Akram, Muhammad; Mahmood, Abid; Umaru, Isaac John; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammad
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5580

Abstract

One such common disorder is gastritis, that is bound to cause acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach lining. It is primarily caused due to the long duration use of NSAIDs, Helicobacter pylori infection or many other reasons. Alcohol consumption, stress, bile reflux and some immunological processes also play a role in causing gastritis. While some relatives remain asymptomatic, most relatives experience symptoms such as epigastric discomfort, vomiting, and, in some cases, gastrointestinal bleeding. H. Pylori detection, endoscopic examination, and histopathology are the primary techniques for diagnosing gastritis. Another method of treatment is the use of proton pump inhibitors along with lifestyle changes, or antibiotics. Gastritis and its symptoms can be mitigated by employing primary prevention strategies like proactively treating H. Pylori infections or reducing NSAIDs consumption.
Marburg Virus Disease: Epidemiology, Transmission, and Global Health Implications Akram, Muhammad; Mahmood, Abid; Umaru, Isaac John; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammad
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5816

Abstract

Marburg virus disease (MVD), a severe viral hemorrhagic fever, was first identified in 1967 following simultaneous outbreaks in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany, and Belgrade, Serbia. The initial cases were linked to laboratory exposure to African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) imported from Uganda for scientific research. Since then, sporadic cases and outbreaks have been reported across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Angola, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and, more recently, in West African countries such as Ghana. Human-to-human transmission occurs through direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids of infected individuals, as well as via contaminated materials like bedding and medical equipment. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 21 days, after which patients typically present with hemorrhagic manifestations, shock, and multiorgan failure. Currently, there is no approved antiviral treatment, and management is limited to supportive care, including fluid resuscitation, electrolyte balance, oxygen therapy, and treatment of secondary infections. Early diagnosis, case isolation, contact tracing, and stringent infection control measures are essential to containing outbreaks. Due to its high case-fatality rate, potential for epidemic spread, and lack of licensed therapeutics or vaccines, MVD is designated a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the context of increasing global attention to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, this review emphasizes the urgent need for investment in health system strengthening, improved diagnostic infrastructure, and the acceleration of vaccine and therapeutic development to mitigate future outbreaks.
The Psychology of Loneliness: Understanding Its Causes, Effects, and Paths to Healing Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Aslam, Nosheen; Rashid, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed; Mahmood, Abid
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.6349

Abstract

Loneliness is a deeply personal and multifaceted emotional state that affects millions of individuals across all ages, genders, and cultural backgrounds. Often misunderstood as a temporary feeling, loneliness can have serious implications for both mental and physical health, contributing to conditions such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. This article explores the psychological underpinnings of loneliness, examining how it influences emotional well-being, thought processes, and behavior. It also analyzes the broader social and cultural dynamics, such as digital disconnection, urbanization, and changing family structures that have contributed to its growing prevalence in the modern world. In response, the article discusses a range of evidence-based approaches to addressing loneliness, including public awareness initiatives, therapeutic interventions focused on social reengagement, and lifestyle adjustments aimed at fostering meaningful connections. By highlighting these strategies, the article seeks not only to demystify the experience of loneliness but also to promote resilience and recovery, offering a hopeful perspective on overcoming this often-invisible emotional struggle.