Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection with Salmonella typhi in Wukari North-East Nigeria Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Onyemaechi, Eze Emmanuel; Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman; Yahaya, Tanko Saadatu
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5384

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and typhoid fever remain significant public health concerns, particularly in resource-limited settings where sanitation and healthcare infrastructure are inadequate. This study investigated the prevalence of HBV, Salmonella typhi, and their co-infection among febrile patients attending the General Outpatient Department (GOPD) of Federal University Teaching Hospital, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 50 patients aged 15–65 years were recruited, and blood samples were analyzed using serological assays for HBV and Widal tests for Salmonella typhi detection. The study found an overall HBV prevalence of 30%, with males (37%) having a higher prevalence than females (21.7%). The prevalence of Salmonella typhi was 44%, with females (52.2%) showing a higher infection rate than males (37%). The co-infection rate of HBV and typhoid was 12%, with males (18.5%) exhibiting a higher burden than females (4.3%). The highest HBV prevalence was observed in individuals aged 31–40 years (34.7%), while typhoid was most prevalent in the 20–30 years (71.4%) and 41–50 years (70%) age groups. Co-infection was most common in the 31–40 years (21.7%) group. The findings suggest that gender, age, and exposure to risk factors such as poor hygiene and unsafe practices contribute to the high prevalence of these infections. The study underscores the need for enhanced public health interventions, including vaccination, improved sanitation, health education, and regular screening programs to mitigate the spread of HBV and typhoid fever.

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection with Salmonella typhi in Wukari North-East Nigeria Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Onyemaechi, Eze Emmanuel; Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman; Yahaya, Tanko Saadatu
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5384

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and typhoid fever remain significant public health concerns, particularly in resource-limited settings where sanitation and healthcare infrastructure are inadequate. This study investigated the prevalence of HBV, Salmonella typhi, and their co-infection among febrile patients attending the General Outpatient Department (GOPD) of Federal University Teaching Hospital, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 50 patients aged 15–65 years were recruited, and blood samples were analyzed using serological assays for HBV and Widal tests for Salmonella typhi detection. The study found an overall HBV prevalence of 30%, with males (37%) having a higher prevalence than females (21.7%). The prevalence of Salmonella typhi was 44%, with females (52.2%) showing a higher infection rate than males (37%). The co-infection rate of HBV and typhoid was 12%, with males (18.5%) exhibiting a higher burden than females (4.3%). The highest HBV prevalence was observed in individuals aged 31–40 years (34.7%), while typhoid was most prevalent in the 20–30 years (71.4%) and 41–50 years (70%) age groups. Co-infection was most common in the 31–40 years (21.7%) group. The findings suggest that gender, age, and exposure to risk factors such as poor hygiene and unsafe practices contribute to the high prevalence of these infections. The study underscores the need for enhanced public health interventions, including vaccination, improved sanitation, health education, and regular screening programs to mitigate the spread of HBV and typhoid fever.

Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Daniella oliveri Stem Bark on Selected Clinical Isolates Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman; Adam, Habiba Idris
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3465

The utilization of medicinal plants in therapy has gained popularity due to increased trust in herbal medicine, attributed to properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antipyretic effects conferred by phytochemicals present in them. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Daniella oliveri stem bark against clinical isolates. The sample was air dry at room temperature for 7 days. Exactly 400 g of the air dried samples was weighed and soaked in 1000 mL each of ethanol and water respectively for 72 hours and were extracted using decoction method. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the bark of the Daniella oliveri was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Klebsiella pneumonia and Planococcus glaciei isolates. The ethanol extract of the bark was inhibitory against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia with the highest zone of inhibition of 14±0.00 mm, 17±10.6 mm and 25±10.5 respectively, while the aqueous extracts of bark was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia with zone of inhibition of 14±0.00 mm, 13±10.4 mm and 25±0.00 respectively. MICs ranged from 50 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for ethanol and 100 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for aqueous extracts, with no activity observed at 200 mg/mL. MBC results were observed at 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL for ethanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The study concluded that Daniella oliveri possesses significant antibacterial activities, supporting its traditional use. Further research is warranted to purify and utilize the active inhibitory substance as an alternative treatment for infections associated with the test organisms.

Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Daniella oliveri Stem Bark on Selected Clinical Isolates Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman; Adam, Habiba Idris
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3465

The utilization of medicinal plants in therapy has gained popularity due to increased trust in herbal medicine, attributed to properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antipyretic effects conferred by phytochemicals present in them. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Daniella oliveri stem bark against clinical isolates. The sample was air dry at room temperature for 7 days. Exactly 400 g of the air dried samples was weighed and soaked in 1000 mL each of ethanol and water respectively for 72 hours and were extracted using decoction method. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the bark of the Daniella oliveri was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Klebsiella pneumonia and Planococcus glaciei isolates. The ethanol extract of the bark was inhibitory against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia with the highest zone of inhibition of 14±0.00 mm, 17±10.6 mm and 25±10.5 respectively, while the aqueous extracts of bark was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia with zone of inhibition of 14±0.00 mm, 13±10.4 mm and 25±0.00 respectively. MICs ranged from 50 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for ethanol and 100 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for aqueous extracts, with no activity observed at 200 mg/mL. MBC results were observed at 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL for ethanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The study concluded that Daniella oliveri possesses significant antibacterial activities, supporting its traditional use. Further research is warranted to purify and utilize the active inhibitory substance as an alternative treatment for infections associated with the test organisms.

Hygienic Status and Microbial Profile of Locally Produced Fermented Milk in Wukari North-East, Nigeria Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman; Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Onyemaechi, Emmanuel
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5386

Background: Milk and its derivatives are widely consumed for their nutritional benefits; however, their improper handling and processing can lead to contamination with pathogenic microorganisms, posing significant public health risks. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the microbial quality of locally fermented milk products, sold in Wukari, North-East, Nigeria. Methods: A total of fifteen (15) fermented milk samples were collected from five different retail locations and analyzed for microbial contamination using standard microbiological techniques. Results: The results revealed high levels of bacterial contamination across all sampling sites, with total viable counts ranging from 0.3 × 10⁶ to 2.4 × 10⁶ CFU/mL. Coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were detected, indicating fecal contamination and poor sanitary conditions during processing and distribution. Staphylococcus aureus, a major foodborne pathogen, was identified in 27.1% of the total bacterial isolates, highlighting a potential risk of food poisoning. Other bacterial isolates included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the unhygienic handling of fermented milk contributes to its microbial contamination, making it unfit for human consumption. This study emphasizes the need for improved hygiene practices, proper pasteurization, and strict regulatory measures to ensure the safety of locally produced dairy products. Public awareness campaigns should be conducted to educate dairy vendors and consumers about the health risks associated with contaminated milk.

Combined Effects of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances from Vaginal Lactobacillus Isolated from Clinical Sample on Group B Streptococcus Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Mohammed, Usman Ikrimah; Onyemaechi, Eze Emmanuel; Daniel, Benjamin Nanisi
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.6963

This study investigates the prevalence of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and the potential inhibitory effects of bacteriocin-like substances produced by Lactobacillus species in pregnant women in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Lactobacillus species, known as non-pathogenic Gram-positive rods, are commonly found in the vaginal microbiota of healthy premenopausal women, where they play a crucial role in maintaining vaginal health through their antimicrobial properties. The study aimed to determine the incidence of GBS colonization and explore the antimicrobial activity of crude and partially purified bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from Lactobacillus isolates against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A total of 50 vaginal swab samples were collected from pregnant women. The results revealed that 11 women (22%) were colonized by Group B Streptococcus, while 14 women (28%) tested positive for Lactobacillus presence. The bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by the Lactobacillus isolates demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against GBS, with optimal inhibitory effects observed at 30°C and pH 5.5. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin were effective against GBS isolates. The findings underscore the potential role of Lactobacillus-derived bacteriocins as natural antimicrobial agents in the prevention and control of GBS infections, particularly in pregnant women. This study also reinforces the importance of monitoring GBS colonization due to its implications for maternal and neonatal health.

Hygienic Status and Microbial Profile of Locally Produced Fermented Milk in Wukari North-East, Nigeria Mohammed, Ikrimah Usman; Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Onyemaechi, Emmanuel
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5386

Background: Milk and its derivatives are widely consumed for their nutritional benefits; however, their improper handling and processing can lead to contamination with pathogenic microorganisms, posing significant public health risks. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the microbial quality of locally fermented milk products, sold in Wukari, North-East, Nigeria. Methods: A total of fifteen (15) fermented milk samples were collected from five different retail locations and analyzed for microbial contamination using standard microbiological techniques. Results: The results revealed high levels of bacterial contamination across all sampling sites, with total viable counts ranging from 0.3 × 10⁶ to 2.4 × 10⁶ CFU/mL. Coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were detected, indicating fecal contamination and poor sanitary conditions during processing and distribution. Staphylococcus aureus, a major foodborne pathogen, was identified in 27.1% of the total bacterial isolates, highlighting a potential risk of food poisoning. Other bacterial isolates included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the unhygienic handling of fermented milk contributes to its microbial contamination, making it unfit for human consumption. This study emphasizes the need for improved hygiene practices, proper pasteurization, and strict regulatory measures to ensure the safety of locally produced dairy products. Public awareness campaigns should be conducted to educate dairy vendors and consumers about the health risks associated with contaminated milk.

Combined Effects of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances from Vaginal Lactobacillus Isolated from Clinical Sample on Group B Streptococcus Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Mohammed, Usman Ikrimah; Onyemaechi, Eze Emmanuel; Daniel, Benjamin Nanisi
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.6963

This study investigates the prevalence of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and the potential inhibitory effects of bacteriocin-like substances produced by Lactobacillus species in pregnant women in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Lactobacillus species, known as non-pathogenic Gram-positive rods, are commonly found in the vaginal microbiota of healthy premenopausal women, where they play a crucial role in maintaining vaginal health through their antimicrobial properties. The study aimed to determine the incidence of GBS colonization and explore the antimicrobial activity of crude and partially purified bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from Lactobacillus isolates against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A total of 50 vaginal swab samples were collected from pregnant women. The results revealed that 11 women (22%) were colonized by Group B Streptococcus, while 14 women (28%) tested positive for Lactobacillus presence. The bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by the Lactobacillus isolates demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against GBS, with optimal inhibitory effects observed at 30°C and pH 5.5. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin were effective against GBS isolates. The findings underscore the potential role of Lactobacillus-derived bacteriocins as natural antimicrobial agents in the prevention and control of GBS infections, particularly in pregnant women. This study also reinforces the importance of monitoring GBS colonization due to its implications for maternal and neonatal health.

The Impacts of Trichomonas vaginalis on the Quality of Life in Women Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Mohammed, Usman Ikrimah; Onyemaechi, Eze Emmanuel; Wama, Yusuf Precious
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6962

Trichomoniasis is a significant global health concern, particularly affecting women of reproductive age. In many public health settings, diagnosis is commonly based solely on clinical signs and symptoms. However, this approach can lead to misdiagnosis, as trichomoniasis shares similar clinical presentations with other vaginal infections. Caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis is one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs), often linked to reproductive tract infections, infertility, cervical cancer, premature births, and low birth weight in newborns. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 276.4 million cases were reported in 2008, with nearly 90% occurring in resource-limited settings. The global prevalence among women is estimated at 8.1%, making it more common than Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and syphilis combined. Various studies have identified key risk factors associated with T. vaginalis infection, particularly among adolescent girls and women attending STI clinics. These include unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, a longer history of sexual activity, previous STIs, and higher prevalence among Black populations. Beyond its physical health implications, trichomoniasis significantly impacts women’s quality of life, affecting sexual function, reproductive outcomes, mental health, and social well-being. The stigma surrounding STIs, coupled with the often asymptomatic nature of trichomoniasis, contributes to delayed diagnosis, untreated infections, and continued community transmission. Effective prevention and control require comprehensive strategies including safe sex practices, regular screening, early diagnosis, partner notification, and timely treatment. Addressing the broader social and psychological dimensions of the disease is essential for improving health outcomes and reducing the burden of trichomoniasis on women’s health globally.

The Impacts of Trichomonas vaginalis on the Quality of Life in Women Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Mohammed, Usman Ikrimah; Onyemaechi, Eze Emmanuel; Wama, Yusuf Precious
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6962

Trichomoniasis is a significant global health concern, particularly affecting women of reproductive age. In many public health settings, diagnosis is commonly based solely on clinical signs and symptoms. However, this approach can lead to misdiagnosis, as trichomoniasis shares similar clinical presentations with other vaginal infections. Caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis is one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs), often linked to reproductive tract infections, infertility, cervical cancer, premature births, and low birth weight in newborns. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 276.4 million cases were reported in 2008, with nearly 90% occurring in resource-limited settings. The global prevalence among women is estimated at 8.1%, making it more common than Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and syphilis combined. Various studies have identified key risk factors associated with T. vaginalis infection, particularly among adolescent girls and women attending STI clinics. These include unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, a longer history of sexual activity, previous STIs, and higher prevalence among Black populations. Beyond its physical health implications, trichomoniasis significantly impacts women’s quality of life, affecting sexual function, reproductive outcomes, mental health, and social well-being. The stigma surrounding STIs, coupled with the often asymptomatic nature of trichomoniasis, contributes to delayed diagnosis, untreated infections, and continued community transmission. Effective prevention and control require comprehensive strategies including safe sex practices, regular screening, early diagnosis, partner notification, and timely treatment. Addressing the broader social and psychological dimensions of the disease is essential for improving health outcomes and reducing the burden of trichomoniasis on women’s health globally.

Title

Found 16 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 16 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 16 Documents
Search