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An Analysis of the Relationship Between Government Spending and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: A Qualitative Analysis of Spending Size, Composition, and Fiscal Efficiency Maulina Nabila; Dayuni Dayuni; Ahmad Bahar Sagita; Gina Puspita; Muhammad Saied
Jurnal Ekonomi, Teknologi dan Bisnis Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Ekonomi, Teknologi dan Bisnis
Publisher : Al-Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/80spg373

Abstract

The debate over the relationship between government spending and economic growth in developing countries is never over because the empirical findings are far from uniform. This article examines this relationship through a critical literature review enriched by descriptive analysis of secondary data from the World Development Indicators, the IMF's Fiscal Monitor, and World Bank reports and working papers. The focus of the analysis is placed on three dimensions: the size of spending, the composition of spending, and the efficiency of fiscal management. The results of the synthesis show that government spending does not work automatically as a growth engine. The size of the budget is important, but its influence is largely determined by the structure of spending, the quality of institutions, fiscal space, and the ability of the state to convert spending into physical capital and productive human capital. Public investment spending tends to have a more pronounced growth impact when efficiency is high, fiscal space is adequate, and projects are selectively selected. On the other hand, education and health spending more often shows a gradual impact, with long-term benefits that depend on the quality of services, rather than simply a nominal increase in spending. The main implication is that the fiscal agenda in developing countries should shift from simply enlarging the budget to improving the composition, governance, and effectiveness of public spending.  
The Influence of Language Learning Strategies on Students’ Linguistic Competence Maulina Nabila; Cecep Agus
Jurnal Impresi Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 9 (2025): Jurnal Impresi Indonesia
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jii.v4i9.7021

Abstract

Linguistics, as the scientific study of language, provides a fundamental framework for understanding how learners acquire and develop their linguistic competence. However, many students still face difficulties in achieving adequate mastery of language skills, which can hinder their academic performance. This study aims to examine the influence of language learning strategies on students’ linguistic competence. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing a survey design with a sample of undergraduate students from the English Department. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire based on Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and a linguistic competence test covering phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. The results of regression analysis indicate that language learning strategies have a significant positive effect on students’ linguistic competence, with metacognitive and cognitive strategies showing the strongest influence. These findings suggest that effective use of language learning strategies enhances students’ understanding of linguistic principles and improves their overall performance in linguistics courses. The study highlights the pedagogical implication that lecturers should integrate strategy-based instruction in the classroom to optimize students’ linguistic development.
Minority Faiths And Marginalized Believers: Religious Difference In Modern Prose Narratives Ayu Larasati; Maulina Nabila
Journal of Literary Prose and Society Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Literary Prose and Society
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/jlps.v2i2.47

Abstract

This qualitative study examines narrative strategies in modern prose literature that represent religious minorities and marginalized believers across diverse geographical and cultural contexts. Analyzing 28 contemporary narratives published between 1980 and 2024, the study investigates how authors utilize focalization, characterization, temporal structures, symbolism, and linguistic strategies to depict minority religious experiences and challenge dominant discourses. The research employs close reading methodologies and thematic analysis to examine texts representing Christian, Muslim, Jewish, and other minority communities across Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Findings reveal that narratives predominantly employ internal focalization through minority characters to provide intimate access to religious consciousness while maintaining a critical sociopolitical perspective. Characterization strategies balance humanization through ordinariness with attention to religious particularity, resisting both exoticization and assimilation. Temporal structures favor linear narratives with historical framing that contextualize contemporary persecution, while fragmented, nonlinear approaches formally enact trauma. Rich symbolic systems, including spatial marginality, border liminality, embodiment, and natural world imagery, convey complex dimensions of minority experience. Linguistic strategies such as code-switching and the integration of religious vocabulary mark an authentic minority voice while educating readers. Beyond representing persecution, narratives extensively depict resistance strategies including clandestine religious practice, cultural production, educational transmission, strategic accommodation, and diaspora formation. The research contributes to the concept of "narrative witnessing," positioning literature as a testimonial practice that preserves threatened voices, educates diverse publics, and cultivates cross-cultural empathy. Findings hold significant implications for literary studies, religious studies, intercultural education, and human rights advocacy in addressing contemporary religious polarization.