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Razoki Razoki
PUI Phyto Degenerative & Lifestyle Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Efek Nefroprotektif Ekstrak Daun Kersen pada Tikus Model Nefrotoksisitas: Analisis Biokimia, Histopatologi, Antioksidan, dan Sitokin Asyrun Alkhairi Lubis; Razoki Razoki; Novitaria Br. Sembiring; Nina Nurdiana Hasibuan; Miranda Simanjuntak; Rikki DP Turnip; Gabriella Tarigan
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1339

Abstract

Background: Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to renal damage. Natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are potential nephroprotective agents. Muntingia calabura L. leaves are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of Muntingia calabura L. leaf ethanol extract in a gentamicin-induced rat model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, negative control (gentamicin), and treatment groups receiving extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW. Renal function, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activity, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Results: The extract demonstrated dose-dependent nephroprotective activity, with the 400 mg/kgBW dose showing the most optimal effect in improving renal function, reducing inflammatory responses, and preserving kidney histological structure. Conclusion: Muntingia calabura L. leaf extract exhibits nephroprotective potential through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, supporting its development as a natural therapeutic candidate.
Penentuan Kadar Total Fenol dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Herba Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) dengan Metode DPPH Wiranda Gultom; Razoki Razoki; Refi Ikhtiari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1573

Abstract

Introduction: Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a herbal plant that has long been used in traditional medicine. This plant contains various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds that play important roles as natural antioxidants. The DPPH method is commonly used to evaluate the ability of antioxidant compounds to scavenge stable DPPH free radicals, resulting in a color change from purple to yellow as the radical concentration decreases. Objective: This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) using the DPPH method. Methods: This study employed a laboratory experimental design with a quantitative descriptive approach. The research was conducted from May to December 2025 at the UNPRI Laboratory and USU Laboratory. Results: The quality parameter evaluation of ethanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) showed a moisture content of 5.9%. The total ash content was 15.6%, while the acid-insoluble ash content was 2.19%. The water-soluble extractive value and ethanol-soluble extractive value were 17.49% and 7.37%, respectively. The average total phenolic content obtained was 102.104 ± 0.3032 mgGAE/g extract, indicating that the ethanol extract of celery contains relatively high phenolic compounds. The linear regression equation obtained was y = 0.0083x + 0.0052 with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9894. The R² value close to 1 indicates a very strong linear relationship between gallic acid concentration and absorbance, suggesting that the calibration curve met the validity requirements for total phenolic determination. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the ethanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 21.023 µg/mL, which is categorized as a very strong antioxidant. Although the IC₅₀ value was higher than that of quercetin, the antioxidant activity of the extract was still considered very good for a crude plant extract.
Evaluasi Formulasi Sediaan Mikroenkapsulasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) Faleria Destiani Hulu; Razoki Razoki; Refi Ikhtiari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1574

Abstract

Background: Noni leaves (Morinda citrifolia L.) contain bioactive compounds that are easily degraded by environmental factors, thus requiring a delivery system that protects their stability. Microencapsulation is a technique of coating active compounds with a polymer matrix to enhance stability and delivery effectiveness. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the microencapsulation formulation of ethanolic extract of noni leaves and to determine the extract concentration that produces the most optimal microencapsulation characteristics. Methods: The study was conducted experimentally. The extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol. Microencapsulation was formulated based on sodium alginate with CaCl₂ as a crosslinking agent and chitosan as a coating material. Three formulas were prepared: blank (F0), 2 g extract (F1), and 4 g extract (F2). Evaluations included morphology (SEM), particle size (PSA), moisture content, floating ability, and physical stability over 14 days at room temperature. Results: Microencapsulation was successfully formed with spherical morphology, dominant particle size in the nanoscale (0.04757 µm), moisture content below 5% (F0: 1.5%; F1: 2.4%; F2: 2.3%), floating ability up to 8 hours, and no organoleptic changes during storage. The formulation with 4 g extract (F2) showed the most optimal characteristics compared to other formulas. Conclusion: The microencapsulation method based on sodium alginate, CaCl₂, and chitosan is effective for encapsulating the ethanolic extract of noni leaves. The extract concentration of 4 g produced microencapsulation with the best physical stability, low moisture content, nanoscale particle size, and optimal floating ability.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Keji Beling (Sericocalyces crispus) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa Muahmmad Yunus; Razoki Razoki; vira Friska
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1618

Abstract

Skin infections caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa remain a global health challenge, particularly due to the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance. The development of topical formulations derived from natural products represents a potential alternative strategy. Keji beling leaves (Sericocalyces crispus) are known to contain secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity. This study aimed to formulate keji beling leaf extract into a gel preparation and evaluate its antibacterial activity. The 96% ethanol extract of keji beling leaves was obtained using the maceration method and subsequently formulated into gel preparations at extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent. The physical properties of the gels were evaluated through organoleptic, pH, and spreadability tests. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was assessed using the disc diffusion method by measuring the inhibition zone diameter. The results showed that all gel formulations exhibited good physical characteristics, with pH values ranging from 4.44 to 5.71 and spreadability within the acceptable range for topical preparations. The gel preparations demonstrated antibacterial activity against both test bacteria, with inhibition zone diameters increasing in proportion to the extract concentration. The formulation containing 15% extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity (mean inhibition zone diameter of 9.50 mm against P. aeruginosa), although it remained lower than that of the positive control. In conclusion, keji beling leaf extract gel possesses favorable physical characteristics and shows potential for further development as a natural-based topical antibacterial agent, particularly at a concentration of 15%.
Co-Authors Asyrun Alkhairi Lubis Faleria Destiani Hulu Gabriella Tarigan Miranda Simanjuntak Muahmmad Yunus Nina Nurdiana Hasibuan Novitaria Br. Sembiring Refi Ikhtiari Rikki DP Turnip vira Friska Wiranda Gultom