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All Journal Riyahuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab
Muhammad Japri
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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MABNI DAN MU’RAB PADA FI’IL AMR : STUDI ANALISIS KOMPARATIF ANTARA MAZHAB BASRAH DAN KUFAH Muhammad Japri; Ahmad Syamsuri Syam; Abdul Kadir
Riyahuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): EDISI 5 NO. 2 (Mei 2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jpba/5223479

Abstract

The debate regarding the grammatical status of fi'il amr (imperative verb), whether it is mabni (invariable) or mu'rab (declinable), is one of the most fundamental disputes in the history of Arabic syntax (ilm al-nahw). This study aims to deeply describe the nature of fi'il amr, the concepts of mu'rab and mabni, and to map the methodological arguments between the Basrah school, the Kufah school, and other syntactic schools. Employing a descriptive-comparative qualitative method through library research, this study analytically examines Ibn al-Anbari's Al-Inshaf fi Masa'il al-Khilaf alongside relevant grammatical literature. The results indicate that the Basrah school unanimously rules fi'il amr as absolutely mabni, based on the original grammatical ruling of verbs and the behavior of asma' al-af'al. Conversely, the Kufah school stands as the sole major school asserting that it is mu'rab majzum, arguing that fi'il amr is derived from fi'il mudhari' inflected by a hidden lam al-amr, while drawing an analogy (qiyas) to fi'il nahi. Furthermore, later schools namely Baghdad, Andalusia, and Egypt consistently align with the Basrah school's stance that fi'il amr is mabni, each utilizing distinct analytical frameworks. The Basrah school's view is considered weightier (rajih) due to its methodological consistency and endorsement by the majority of Arab grammarians.
Co-Authors Abdul Kadir Ahmad Syamsuri Syam