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All Journal Jurnal Al-Ihda Riyahuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab
Ahmad Syamsuri Syam
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
Religion Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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MABNI DAN MU’RAB PADA FI’IL AMR : STUDI ANALISIS KOMPARATIF ANTARA MAZHAB BASRAH DAN KUFAH Muhammad Japri; Ahmad Syamsuri Syam; Abdul Kadir
Riyahuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): EDISI 5 NO. 2 (Mei 2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/jpba/5223479

Abstract

The debate regarding the grammatical status of fi'il amr (imperative verb), whether it is mabni (invariable) or mu'rab (declinable), is one of the most fundamental disputes in the history of Arabic syntax (ilm al-nahw). This study aims to deeply describe the nature of fi'il amr, the concepts of mu'rab and mabni, and to map the methodological arguments between the Basrah school, the Kufah school, and other syntactic schools. Employing a descriptive-comparative qualitative method through library research, this study analytically examines Ibn al-Anbari's Al-Inshaf fi Masa'il al-Khilaf alongside relevant grammatical literature. The results indicate that the Basrah school unanimously rules fi'il amr as absolutely mabni, based on the original grammatical ruling of verbs and the behavior of asma' al-af'al. Conversely, the Kufah school stands as the sole major school asserting that it is mu'rab majzum, arguing that fi'il amr is derived from fi'il mudhari' inflected by a hidden lam al-amr, while drawing an analogy (qiyas) to fi'il nahi. Furthermore, later schools namely Baghdad, Andalusia, and Egypt consistently align with the Basrah school's stance that fi'il amr is mabni, each utilizing distinct analytical frameworks. The Basrah school's view is considered weightier (rajih) due to its methodological consistency and endorsement by the majority of Arab grammarians.
MAJĀZ MURSAL DALAM QS. AL-BAQARAH AYAT 153–177: KAJIAN ʿILM AL-BAYĀN Ahmad Syamsuri Syam; Mohamad Harjum; Haniah Haniah
JURNAL AL-IHDA' : Media Ilmiah Bahasa Arab Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Juli
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah Al-Hilal Sigli Aceh- Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58645/alihda.v14i1.837

Abstract

This study analyzes the stylistic phenomenon of majāz mursal in Q.S. Al-Baqarah verses 153–177, a cohesive thematic unit of the Qurʼan encompassing the obligation of patience (ṣabr), Islamic rites (shaʼāʼir), and legal rulings (aḥkām). Majāz mursal is a sub-type of majāz lughawī in which a word is used beyond its literal meaning based on a relationship other than resemblance (ʿalāqah ghair mushābahah), accompanied by a contextual indicator (qarīnah) preventing literal interpretation. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method anchored in classical balāghah theory, drawing on classical and contemporary scholarship. Five instances of majāz mursal are identified across QS. 2:153, 157, 158, 168, and 177, representing five distinct relational types: sababiyyah, musabbabiyyah, kulliyyah, juzʼiyyah, and maḥalliyyah. Findings show that these figurative expressions serve semantic, rhetorical, and theological functions that deepen Qurʼanic meaning far beyond literal signification, constituting a divine communicative strategy (istirātījiyyah tawāṣuliyyah ilāhiyyah) that conveys dense, multi-layered meanings with remarkable concision, reflecting the inimitable literary quality (iʼjāz bayānī) of the Qurʼan.
Co-Authors Abdul Kadir Haniah Mohamad Harjum Muhammad Japri