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All Journal Jurnal Akademika Kimia
Daud K. Walanda
Tadulako University
Chemistry Education

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Utilisation of Biochar from Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) Branches for Decolourisation of Remazol Red in Water Alfina D. A. Dasi; Mery Napitupulu; Daud K. Walanda; Sitti Rahmawati
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2026.v15.i1.pp1-8

Abstract

Synthetic dyes such as remazol red are commonly used in the batik process, but their residual waste is a major contributor to water pollution. These effluents can degrade water quality, damage aquatic ecosystems, and pose health risks to humans. This research aims to reduce these problems by using an adsorption method that utilises kapok randu branch as an adsorbent for remazol red dye. Kapok randu branches were pyrolysed at temperatures of 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C. This study aims to measure the ability of biochar from kapok randu branches to adsorb remazol red dye under varying weight, time, and pH conditions. The results showed the characteristics of kapok randu branches biochar include moisture content of 400 °C, 450 °C and 500 °C biochar of kapok randu branches of 5.56%, 5.01% and 4.80%, respectively. The ash content of the 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C kapok randu branch biochar was 5.68%, 6.66%, and 7.24%, respectively. The maximum weight of kapok randu branch biochar in adsorbing remazol red dye is 25.00 mg with an adsorption capacity of 0.31 mg/g. The maximum contact time required was 60 minutes with an adsorption capacity of 1.00 mg/g. The maximum pH for the remazol red dye during the adsorption process was at pH 4, with an adsorption capacity of 5.82 mg/g.
Making Biochar from Palapi Wood Waste (Heritiera sp.) for Decolourisation of Dyes in Water Razni Razni; Mery Napitupulu; Daud K. Walanda; Detris Poba
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2025.v14.i4.pp209-217

Abstract

Dye waste from industries such as batik can pollute the environment and endanger health because it is carcinogenic. One solution to handle this is to use biochar as an adsorbent, where in this study, the biomass used as biochar is palapi wood waste in the form of wood husks. This study aims to determine the adsorption capacity of biochar from palapi wood waste against indigsol blue and remazol yellow dyes with variations in weight, time, and pH. The method used in this study is the pyrolysis method, namely the process of heating biomass materials at high temperatures without or with little oxygen. Characterization was carried out by determining the water content, ash content, functional groups, and morphology of the biochar. Decolorization efficiency was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the water content at temperatures of 400 ℃, 450 ℃, and 500 ℃ were 11.90%, 6.60%, and 5.30%, respectively. The ash content at the same temperature was 2.30%, 7.50%, and 8.70%, respectively. The maximum weight with variations of 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg in adsorbing 2 dyes is 125 mg with an adsorption percentage of indigosol blue dye of 41.00% and remazol yellow dye of 42.90%. The optimum time for biochar to adsorb indigosol blue dye is 50 minutes, with an adsorption percentage of 47.90, and remazol yellow dye for 40 minutes, with an adsorption percentage of 79.00%. The optimum pH of indigosol blue and remazol yellow dyes by biochar occurs at pH 7, with an adsorption percentage of indigosol blue dye of 93.03% and remazol yellow dye of 87.40%. The absorption capacity of biochar for indigosol blue and remazol yellow dyes follows the Langmuir absorption isotherm of 0.92 mg/g and 0.79 mg/g, respectively.
Effectiveness of Biochar from Kapok Fruit Peel (Ceiba pentandra) for Decolorization of Indigosol Blue in Water Iim E. Putra; Mery Napitupulu; Daud K. Walanda; Sitti Rahmawati
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 14 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2025.v14.i4.pp234-241

Abstract

In the batik industry, synthetic dyes such as indigosol blue are more commonly used than natural dyes. However, water pollution resulting from the batik industry is a serious issue that can threaten water quality and be harmful to human health. This research uses the adsorption method with kapok fruit peel as the adsorbent to address the problem of Indigosol blue dye. The kapok fruit peel is pyrolyzed at temperatures of 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of kapok fruit peel biochar in the adsorption of indigosol blue dye with variations in weight, time, and pH. The results show that the characteristics of kapok fruit shell biochar include moisture content at temperatures of 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C, which are 7.40 %, 6.40 %, and 5.20 %, respectively. The ash content of kapok fruit shell biochar at temperatures of 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C was 8.70 %, 6.10 %, and 5.40 %, respectively. The maximum weight of kapok fruit shell biochar in absorbingindigosol blue dye was 75 mg with an adsorption capacity of 0.986 mg/g. The maximum contact time required was 40 minutes with an adsorption capacity of 0.626 mg/g. The maximum pH of indigosol blue dye in the adsorption process occurred at pH 7 with an adsorption capacity of 1.709 mg/g. These findings indicate that kapok fruit shell biochar has potential as an environmentally friendly alternative adsorbent for treating batik industry wastewater.
Adsorption of Cd(II) in Water Using Activated Carbon Derived from Kapok Fruit Peel Bilkisdayanti Bilkisdayanti; Mery Napitupulu; Daud K. Walanda; Detris Poba
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24775185.2026.v15.i3.pp175-184

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd(II)) is a toxic and non-biodegradable heavy metal that can accumulate in aquatic environments and pose serious ecological and health risks. Biomass-derived activated carbon offers a sustainable alternative for heavy metal removal. Activated carbon was prepared from kapok fruit peel (Ceiba pentandra) through pyrolysis at 600°C, followed by chemical activation using KOH and H₃PO₄. The resulting carbon was characterized by moisture content, ash content, and SEM analysis. Adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the optimum adsorbent mass and contact time for Cd(II) removal. Adsorption behavior was evaluated using the Langmuir isotherm model. Activated carbon activated with KOH showed moisture and ash contents of 1.70 % and 3.30 %, respectively, while H₃PO₄ activation produced values of 3.70 % and 2.60 %. The optimum adsorbent mass was 0.25 g for KOH with 99.42 % Cd(II) removal and 0.20 g for H₃PO₄ with 98.88 % removal. The optimum contact times were 45 min and 60 min for KOH and H₃PO₄, respectively. Langmuir analysis yielded maximum adsorption capacities of 5.92 mg/g for KOH-activated carbon and 7.36 mg/g for H₃PO₄-activated carbon. Activated carbon derived from kapok fruit peel effectively adsorbed Cd(II) from water. H₃PO₄ activation provided higher adsorption capacity than KOH activation, indicating its greater potential for heavy metal removal applications.
Co-Authors Alfina D. A. Dasi Bilkisdayanti Bilkisdayanti Detris Poba Iim E. Putra Mery Napitupulu Razni Razni Sitti Rahmawati