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All Journal Ahsan : Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan Sultan Adam : Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial
Lahmudinur
Institut Agama Islam Darul Ulum Kandangan
Religion Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Other

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KAIDAH POKOK AL-DHARURAT: TELAAH KONSEPTUAL TENTANG DHARAR-DHIRAR, MASYAQQAH, MASLAHAH-MAFSADAH, DAN CABANG-CABANGNYA DALAM FIKIH ISLAM Norhayati; Aulia Fitri; Hamdiah; Norfitria; Lahmudinur
SULTAN ADAM: Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Tanggui Baimbaian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71456/sultan.v4i1.1906

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kaidah pokok al-dharurat dalam hukum Islam beserta cabang-cabangnya dalam perspektif fikih Islam. Kajian ini meliputi konsep dharar dan dhirar, perbedaan antara masyaqqat dan dharurat, klasifikasi kebutuhan manusia, serta peran maslahah dan mafsadah sebagai dasar penetapan hukum dalam Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan menganalisis berbagai sumber sekunder, seperti Al-Qur’an, hadis, kitab fikih dan ushul fikih klasik, serta literatur ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kaidah al-dharurat mencerminkan fleksibilitas dan kemampuan adaptasi hukum Islam dalam merespons kondisi darurat manusia dengan tetap memperhatikan batasan-batasan syariat. Kaidah ini melahirkan berbagai bentuk keringanan hukum, seperti kebolehan melakukan hal yang dilarang dalam keadaan tertentu serta prinsip bahwa kesulitan mendatangkan kemudahan. Selain itu, konsep maslahah dan mafsadah menjadi pertimbangan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara fleksibilitas hukum dan tujuan syariat Islam. Dengan demikian, kaidah darurat menegaskan bahwa hukum Islam bersifat kontekstual, adaptif, dan senantiasa berorientasi pada perlindungan kemaslahatan manusia serta pencegahan kemudaratan.
Jarīmah Sariqah dalam Hukum Pidana Islam: Analisis Unsur, Syarat, Perbandingan Mazhab, dan Relevansinya dengan KUHP Indonesia Nihayatul Jannah; Akhmad Hafi; Siti Rahmah; Lahmudinur
Ahsan: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : PT. Pustaka Andil Lestari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67802/ahsan.vi.67

Abstract

Theft is one of the most frequent criminal acts occurring within society and carries significant social and economic consequences. In Islamic criminal law, theft (sariqah) is classified as a jarīmah ḥadd, a criminal offense for which the sanction is explicitly determined by the Sharī‘ah. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the concept of theft in Islamic criminal law, including its definition, essential elements, legal conditions, and prescribed punishments. In addition, the study explores the relevance of applying Islamic criminal law to theft cases within the Indonesian social and legal context. The findings indicate that Islamic criminal law strongly emphasizes preventive measures, the protection of property rights, and the preservation of the five fundamental objectives of the Sharī‘ah (maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah). The implementation of firm punishments is intended not only to deter offenders but also to uphold moral and spiritual values, thereby contributing to the long-term security and order of society.
Hukuman Pidana Dalam Islam: Analisis Konseptual, Maqāṣid Asy-Syarī‘ah, Dan Relevansi Kontemporer Maulida Hasanah; Muna Hasanah; Noormala Santi; Lahmudinur
Ahsan: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : PT. Pustaka Andil Lestari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67802/ahsan.vi.68

Abstract

Islamic criminal law, or fiqh jinayah, plays a crucial role within the religious legal framework that governs social life. Its primary purpose is to safeguard the five fundamental principles of the Sharia, namely the protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. This study aims to analyze the foundational concepts of punishment in Islam, including the categories of hudud, qisas-diyat, and ta’zir, while also examining how these legal concepts relate to contemporary legal systems. The research gap addressed in this study lies in the limited comprehensive analyses that integrate the perspective of maqasid al-shariah with constitutional challenges and human rights issues in contemporary Islamic criminal law discourse, particularly within Indonesian scholarship over the past five years. Therefore, this research offers novelty through an interpretative approach that combines normative-theological principles with an analytical examination of modern legal regulations. The sources examined include the Qur’an, Hadith, classical fiqh works, as well as academic literature and recent studies published between 2020 and 2025. The data were analyzed using content analysis and analytical comparison techniques, while data validation employed source triangulation by comparing scriptural texts, classical juristic opinions, and contemporary research findings. The results show that the implementation of Islamic criminal law today faces various challenges, especially those related to constitutional frameworks, legal pluralism, and human rights concerns. However, through an approach grounded in maqasid al-shariah and the principle of proportionality, Islamic criminal law can be reinterpreted to remain relevant, humane, and aligned with substantive justice.
Zina Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam Rzky Amelia; Maulida Soleha; Muhammad Septian Yoga Pangestu; Lahmudinur
Ahsan: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : PT. Pustaka Andil Lestari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67802/ahsan.vi.74

Abstract

This study examines zina from the perspective of Islamic criminal law, focusing on its definition, legal requirements, sanctions, and the underlying wisdom behind its prohibition. The research stems from the increasing prevalence of free association among youth, which contributes to moral decline and social problems. Employing library research with a normative–theological approach, data were collected from the Qur’an, Hadith, classical and contemporary fiqh, as well as Indonesian positive law. The findings show that zina is defined as unlawful sexual intercourse outside a valid marriage contract and is categorized as a jarimah hudud with strict evidentiary requirements, such as the testimony of four male witnesses or voluntary confession. The sanctions vary according to the perpetrator’s marital status: one hundred lashes and exile for unmarried offenders, and stoning to death for married offenders. In comparison, Indonesian law treats zina as a complaint-based offense with lighter penalties, whereas Islamic law emphasizes moral protection and deterrence. The prohibition of zina serves to protect honor, lineage, health, family harmony, and overall morality. This research highlights the importance of strengthening moral education and integrating the values of Islamic criminal law into national legislation to address contemporary social challenges.
MINUM KHAMER MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM Diah Astuti; Nor Halisa; Ranti Sari; Lahmudinur
Ahsan: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : PT. Pustaka Andil Lestari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67802/ahsan.vi.75

Abstract

The act of consuming khamer (alcoholic beverages) and the sanctions imposed on the offenders. The research employs a normative juridical approach by examining primary legal sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and both classical and contemporary fiqh literatures. The findings indicate that drinking khamer is classified as a jarimah hudud since it is explicitly prohibited in Islamic law. The prohibition aims to protect human intellect (hifz al-‘aql), one of the fundamental objectives of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, which safeguards moral and social order. The prescribed had punishment, consisting of forty to eighty lashes, is not merely punitive but also serves educational and preventive purposes. Furthermore, the prohibition carries profound wisdom in promoting a healthy, ethical, and dignified society. This study concludes that Islamic criminal law embodies comprehensive principles of justice and public welfare in maintaining social harmony.
Perampokan Menurut Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam Noor Fatma Zahura; Siti Khadijah; Sri Helma Hidayah; Lahmudinur
Ahsan: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : PT. Pustaka Andil Lestari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67802/ahsan.vi.80

Abstract

This research aims to analyze robbery (ḥirābah) from the perspective of Islamic criminal law (fiqh jinayah), exploring its legal foundations, elements, and sanctions within the framework of the Qur’an, Hadith, and classical as well as contemporary jurisprudence. It addresses the relevance of Islamic principles in the context of Indonesia's positive law, particularly in combating violent crimes that threaten public safety. The study employs a qualitative-descriptive method with a normative juridical approach, specifically using doctrinal analysis to interpret primary Islamic legal sources (such as the Qur’an and Hadith) and secondary sources (classical fiqh works and contemporary journals). Comparative analysis is conducted with Indonesia's Criminal Code (KUHP), focusing on Article 365 regarding robbery, to identify similarities and differences in legal paradigms. The findings indicate that ḥirābah is classified as a ḥadd crime in Islamic law, endangering life and public safety (amān al-nās). Sanctions vary by severity, ranging from amputation to the death penalty, as outlined in Qur’an Surah al-Mā’idah (5):33. Comparatively, while KUHP emphasizes social protection and public order, Islamic law integrates divine justice and maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah to protect core human values (ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-māl, etc.). The purpose of Islamic sanctions extends beyond retribution to deterrence and social harmony. This study concludes that integrating Islamic principles with positive law can enhance Indonesia's criminal justice system, promoting restorative justice aligned with Pancasila. Future research should explore empirical applications in Indonesian courts.
Qishas Dan Diyat Menurut Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam Norhalifah; Rainah; Lahmudinur
Ahsan: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : PT. Pustaka Andil Lestari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67802/ahsan.vi.85

Abstract

This study examines the concepts of qishas and diyat as fundamental instruments in Islamic criminal law designed to protect human life and uphold justice through balanced and measurable legal mechanisms (Introduction). The research employs a juridical-normative approach by analyzing Qur’anic texts, hadith, classical fiqh literature, and contemporary legal scholarship to explore the normative foundations and legal principles governing qishas and diyat (Methods). The findings reveal that qishas functions as a proportional retributive measure intended to prevent uncontrolled retaliation and maintain social order, while diyat serves as a compensatory mechanism emphasizing reconciliation, social restoration, and the promotion of forgiveness (Results). Further discussion shows that the application of both concepts requires strict legal criteria, including clarity of the offender’s identity, the absence of doubt, and the full authority of the victim’s family in determining the form of legal settlement; moreover, the principles embedded in qishas and diyat strongly align with modern restorative justice models that prioritize dialogue, compensation, and healing over punitive sanctions (Discussion). Thus, qishas and diyat offer valuable insights for the humanization and reform of contemporary criminal law systems.
Bughat sebagai Jarimah Politik dalam Hukum Islam: Studi Konseptual serta Relevansi Konsep Bughat dalam Negara Modern Lahmudinur; Muhammad Hilmi; Anida Kharamah; Raudah
Ahsan: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : PT. Pustaka Andil Lestari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67802/ahsan.vi.86

Abstract

This study examines the concept of bughat (rebellion) within Islamic law as a political crime that carries significant implications for social order and governance. Using a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes primary Islamic legal sources namely the Qur’an, hadith, and classical works of fiqh and fiqh siyasah as well as contemporary legal scholarship. Data are collected through an extensive literature review and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method grounded in the framework of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. The findings show that bughat is defined by specific criteria, including the presence of an armed group possessing interpretive justification (ta’wil), organizational strength, and explicit opposition to legitimate authority. The study reveals that the sanctions for bughat prioritize conflict resolution, restoration of public security, and the prevention of broader social harm rather than punitive retaliation. Through the lens of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, the rules governing bughat emphasize the protection of life, the preservation of social stability, and the prevention of political corruption (dar’ al-mafāsid). The discussion further highlights the continued relevance of the bughat framework in contemporary contexts, particularly when aligned with procedural justice and international human rights principles. This study concludes that integrating classical Islamic jurisprudence with modern legal and ethical standards strengthens the applicability of bughat regulations in contemporary Muslim-majority legal systems.
Co-Authors Akhmad Hafi Anida Kharamah Aulia Fitri Diah Astuti Hamdiah Maulida Hasanah Maulida Soleha Muhammad Hilmi Muhammad Septian Yoga Pangestu Muna Hasanah Nihayatul Jannah Noor Fatma Zahura Noormala Santi Nor Halisa Norfitria Norhalifah Norhayati Rainah Ranti Sari Raudah Rzky Amelia Siti Khadijah Siti Rahmah Sri Helma Hidayah