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All Journal International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research
Chanra Purnama
Maritime Institute, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran Jakarta, North Jakarta, Indonesia
Automotive Engineering Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Transportation

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Standardized Marine Communication Proficiency Among Deck Officers: A Competency-Based Assessment of SMCP Implementation Under STCW Convention Frameworks Marudut Bernadtua Simanjuntak; Chanra Purnama; Irfan Faozun
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v11i2

Abstract

Maritime communication failures remain a critical contributor to navigational accidents globally, yet the extent to which the IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) are effectively implemented within maritime education institutions — particularly in major seafarer-supplying nations — remains underexplored. This study examines SMCP proficiency among deck officers and cadets at Indonesian maritime institutions through a competency-based assessment aligned with the STCW Manila Amendments. Using a mixed-methods design incorporating a validated four-domain proficiency rubric, structured questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with 120 participants drawn from maritime educators, deck officer cadets, and certified officers, the study identifies a systematic proficiency gap between institutional training outcomes and STCW-mandated communicative standards. Results indicate that the majority of cadets perform at the Developing level, with particularly pronounced deficiencies in Distress and VTS Communication domains. Qualitative findings attribute this gap to the dominance of declarative instructional approaches, limited simulator access, and insufficient integration of communicative simulation in curriculum design. The study contributes a validated assessment framework and contextually grounded findings with direct implications for maritime curriculum reform, STCW quality assurance, and seafarer safety in Indonesia.
Marine Pollution Prevention Policy and Port State Control Enforcement in Indonesia: Implementation Gaps and Regulatory Recommendations Larsen Barasa; Tri Cahyadi; Marihot Simanjuntak; Irfan Faozun; Chanra Purnama
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v11i2

Abstract

Indonesia, as a signatory to MARPOL 73/78, holds binding international obligations for vessel-source pollution prevention across all six annexes. Port State Control (PSC) is the primary enforcement mechanism for realizing these obligations operationally, yet evidence consistently indicates a wide and persistent gap between regulatory obligation and enforcement practice. This study provides a systematic assessment of marine pollution prevention policy and PSC enforcement in Indonesia through a mixed-methods methodology combining quantitative benchmarking of 4,218 IOMOU PSC inspection records (2019–2024), 44 semi-structured stakeholder interviews, and comparative regulatory framework analysis. Results reveal that Indonesia's PSC performance falls significantly below both IOMOU regional and Paris MoU benchmarks across all key indicators: the detention rate of 4.8% is double the Paris MoU average, mean deficiencies per inspection exceed the Paris MoU figure by 1.97, and a repeat deficiency rate of 38.4% — 23.6 percentage points above the Paris MoU — confirms that enforcement is not generating the corrective response it should. MARPOL Annex IV (sewage) and Annex I (oil) deficiency gaps against Paris MoU benchmarks reach 13.2 and 10.8 percentage points respectively, both classified as critical. Six primary implementation gaps are identified: PSC officer capacity deficit, absence of digital inspection systems, inter-agency coordination failure, inadequate penalties, domestic fleet MARPOL exemptions, and port reception facility insufficiency. An Integrated Marine Pollution Prevention Reform Framework addressing all six gaps through a phased four-pillar architecture is proposed, offering a structured pathway for Indonesia to close its enforcement deficit and fulfill its international maritime environmental obligations.
Co-Authors Irfan Faozun Larsen Barasa Marihot Simanjuntak Marudut Bernadtua Simanjuntak Tri Cahyadi