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Technical Language Barriers and Engineering Communication Challenges Among Marine Engine Officers: Implications for STCW Certification and Onboard Safety Performance Marudut Bernadtua Simanjuntak; Ardiansyah; Natanael Suranta
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v11i2

Abstract

The engine room represents one of the most technically demanding and communicatively complex environments in maritime operations, yet engineering communication among marine engine officers remains substantially underexplored relative to the well-documented study of bridge communication. This study investigates technical language barriers and engineering communication challenges among marine engine officers within Indonesian maritime institutions, examining their implications for STCW certification outcomes and onboard safety performance. Using a mixed-methods design incorporating a validated technical communication assessment rubric, structured questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with 115 participants comprising marine engineering educators, engineering cadets, and certified engine officers, the study identifies a pronounced proficiency deficit in machinery-related technical language, particularly in watch handover protocols and emergency engineering communication. Quantitative findings reveal that engineering cadets achieve an overall mean proficiency score of 2.05 on a four-point scale aligned with STCW Chapter III competency standards, falling within the Developing range across all four communication domains assessed. Qualitative analysis attributes this deficit to the dominance of Bahasa Indonesia as the medium of technical instruction, the absence of engineering-specific communication simulation, and a systemic disconnect between language training and technical training programs. The study contributes a theoretically grounded assessment framework specific to engine room communication and advances evidence-based recommendations for curriculum integration, simulator-based pedagogy, and regulatory quality assurance in Indonesian maritime engineering education.
Marine Engineering Innovation for Environmental Compliance: An Integrated Environmental Engineering Framework for Indonesian Domestic Vessel Operations Susi Herawati; Marihot Simanjuntak; Larsen Barasa; Natanael Suranta; Marudut Bernadtua Simanjuntak
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v11i2

Abstract

Marine engineering is undergoing a fundamental redefinition — from a discipline optimized primarily for propulsive performance and fuel economy to one in which environmental engineering is integral to every shipboard system domain. This study develops an Integrated Environmental Engineering Framework (IEEF) for Indonesian domestic vessel operations, synthesizing marine engineering innovation literature across propulsion, thermal management, exhaust treatment, waste management, and hull systems into a structured, evidence-based environmental technology portfolio. A mixed-methods methodology was employed, combining quantitative Environmental Engineering Audit Protocol (EEAP) assessment of 72 Indonesian domestic vessels across 10 MARPOL-relevant engineering domains with AHP-TOPSIS multi-criteria technology assessment involving 24 domain experts. The audit reveals critical compliance gaps in CII monitoring systems (36%), waste heat recovery installation (10%), and eco-compliant antifouling coatings (35%), alongside high-severity deficits in NOₓ treatment (42%), sewage treatment (44%), and ballast water management (50%). AHP-TOPSIS ranking identifies waste heat recovery and CII digital monitoring as equal top-priority investments (composite score 0.83), followed by nano-hybrid antifouling (0.79), Annex IV sewage treatment (0.77), SCR/EGR NOₓ reduction (0.72), and LNG dual-fuel conversion (0.68). The IEEF organizes these priorities within a three-horizon implementation roadmap — Horizon 1 (2025–2027) deploying proven compliance technologies, Horizon 2 (2027–2032) advancing NOₓ reduction and hybrid system integration, and Horizon 3 (2032–2050) transitioning toward hydrogen, ammonia, fuel cell propulsion, and on-board carbon capture — providing a structured engineering trajectory aligned with IMO 2050 net-zero ambition.
Eco-Friendly Antifouling Coating Technologies for Marine Vessels: Material Science Advances and Environmental Compliance Under IMO Regulations Tri Cahyadi; Marihot Simanjuntak; Natanael Suranta; Larsen Barasa; Marudut Bernadtua Simanjuntak
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v11i2

Abstract

Marine biofouling — the progressive accumulation of microorganisms, algae, barnacles, and other aquatic organisms on submerged vessel hull surfaces — imposes a 25–40% fuel consumption penalty at the macrofouling stage and simultaneously facilitates the transport of non-indigenous invasive species across biogeographic barriers, constituting both a significant GHG emission driver and a global ecological threat. This study examines antifouling coating technology adoption and compliance in the Indonesian domestic fleet, evaluates alternative antifouling technologies against environmental performance, fuel saving benefit, and IMO regulatory compliance dimensions under Indonesian tropical operating conditions, and develops prioritized technology adoption and regulatory implementation recommendations. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining hull inspection and documentary review of 84 domestic vessels across four vessel type categories at three Indonesian port areas, stakeholder interviews with 46 participants across operator, shipyard, regulatory, industry, and NGO groups, and comparative technology performance assessment of four antifouling system categories. Results reveal that while 86% of vessels achieve AFS Convention (TBT prohibition) compliance, only 6.5% fully comply with IMO Biofouling Management Guidelines. A full fleet eco-upgrade across the 84-vessel sample would deliver annual fuel savings of 12,980 tonnes HFO and 40,500 tonnes CO₂ at a positive 15-year fleet NPV of USD 16.6 million. Cost barriers — with eco-friendly coatings carrying a 2–4× unit price premium — are identified as the primary adoption constraint. Three priority policy recommendations are proposed: mandatory Biofouling Management Plan documentation for all vessels exceeding 400 GT; a green maritime financing facility for eco-coating upgrades during drydocking; and mandatory hull fouling performance reporting within the CII monitoring framework.