Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Contract Law and Default in Indonesian E-Commerce Transactions: Legal Certainty, Consumer Protection, and the Future of Digital Contract Enforcement David Nwanna Dumbiri; Luluk Makhmia; Putri Wulan Mandasari; Yoga Dwi Firmansyah; Firza Agung Prakos
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): ISNU Sahabat Mei 2026
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1244

The rapid expansion of electronic commerce has fundamentally transformed contractual relationships by enabling legally binding transactions to be concluded through digital platforms without physical interaction between contracting parties. While this transformation has improved commercial efficiency, it has simultaneously generated increasingly complex legal issues concerning contractual validity, breach of contract, consumer protection, and dispute resolution. In Indonesia, although online agreements are recognized under the Civil Code and electronic transaction regulations, cases of default in e-commerce transactions continue to demonstrate a significant gap between normative legal provisions and practical enforcement. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Indonesian contract law in online purchase transactions, examine the legal consequences of default committed by sellers, and evaluate the effectiveness of existing legal mechanisms in providing legal certainty and consumer protection within the digital economy. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches. Legal materials were collected from primary legislation, legal doctrines, judicial opinions, and international legal instruments, and were analyzed through qualitative legal reasoning supported by systematic and comparative legal interpretation. The findings indicate that electronic contracts possess the same binding legal force as conventional agreements provided that the requirements stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code are fulfilled. Nevertheless, legal enforcement remains constrained by weak contractual compliance, unequal bargaining positions between consumers and business actors, fragmented dispute resolution mechanisms, and limited integration between conventional contract law and digital commerce regulations. This study proposes an Integrated Digital Contract Enforcement Model that combines civil law principles, electronic transaction regulation, consumer protection mechanisms, and online dispute resolution to strengthen legal certainty and enhance contractual justice within Indonesia's evolving digital economy.

Digital Participation and Active Involvement of Civil Society in Organizing Ideal Elections Farhan Fathur Rahman; David Nwanna Dumbiri
Jurnal Cendikia ISNU SU Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): Vol 1. No 1 Mei 2024 : JCISNU
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jcisnu.v1i1.26

Digital participation and active involvement of civil society are important elements in the implementation of ideal and democratic elections. Digital technology opens up new spaces for people to participate in the electoral process, whether through social media, digital platforms, or special applications designed to monitor and ensure the transparency and accountability of elections. The research method used is normative juridical, with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The legislative approach is carried out to examine regulations and policies related to digital participation in elections, while the conceptual approach is used to understand the concept of digital participation and the role of civil society. A comparative approach was taken to compare the practices of digital participation in elections in different countries, in order to gain a broader understanding of the effectiveness of the strategies implemented. The results of the discussion show that digital participation has great potential in increasing civil society involvement, but there are still significant challenges, such as low digital literacy, the risk of spreading misinformation, and limited access to technology. Clear and systematic regulation is needed to effectively support digital participation and prevent abuses that can undermine the integrity of elections. In conclusion, digital participation is an important means to increase public involvement in the implementation of ideal elections, but it needs to be accompanied by supportive policies and adequate public education. The suggestions from this study are to strengthen regulations on the use of technology in elections, improve people's digital literacy, and encourage safe and transparent digital platform innovation for election participation.

Digital Participation and Active Involvement of Civil Society in Organizing Ideal Elections Farhan Fathur Rahman; David Nwanna Dumbiri
Jurnal Cendikia ISNU SU Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): Vol 1. No 1 Mei 2024 : JCISNU
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jcisnu.v1i1.26

Digital participation and active involvement of civil society are important elements in the implementation of ideal and democratic elections. Digital technology opens up new spaces for people to participate in the electoral process, whether through social media, digital platforms, or special applications designed to monitor and ensure the transparency and accountability of elections. The research method used is normative juridical, with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The legislative approach is carried out to examine regulations and policies related to digital participation in elections, while the conceptual approach is used to understand the concept of digital participation and the role of civil society. A comparative approach was taken to compare the practices of digital participation in elections in different countries, in order to gain a broader understanding of the effectiveness of the strategies implemented. The results of the discussion show that digital participation has great potential in increasing civil society involvement, but there are still significant challenges, such as low digital literacy, the risk of spreading misinformation, and limited access to technology. Clear and systematic regulation is needed to effectively support digital participation and prevent abuses that can undermine the integrity of elections. In conclusion, digital participation is an important means to increase public involvement in the implementation of ideal elections, but it needs to be accompanied by supportive policies and adequate public education. The suggestions from this study are to strengthen regulations on the use of technology in elections, improve people's digital literacy, and encourage safe and transparent digital platform innovation for election participation.

Legal Analysis of Banking Crimes and Money Laundering in Indonesia David Nwanna Dumbiri; Abd. Rahman Alwi Pase
AT-TAFAHUM: Journal of Law Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana UIN Sumatera Utara Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/attafahum.v8i1.29034

The rapid development of the banking sector and information technology in Indonesia has significantly facilitated financial transactions while simultaneously increasing the risk of banking crimes and money laundering activities. Banking crimes such as fraud, embezzlement, abuse of authority, and financial transaction manipulation frequently serve as predicate offenses for money laundering. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing banking crimes and money laundering in Indonesia, examine their interrelationship, and identify challenges in their prevention and enforcement. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were collected through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that banking crimes are closely linked to money laundering, as offenders often exploit banking systems to conceal the illicit origins of criminal proceeds through complex financial transactions, including layering, the use of third-party accounts, and cross-border fund transfers. Although Indonesia has established a comprehensive legal framework to combat these crimes, law enforcement efforts continue to face challenges, including weak supervision, limited technical capacity of law enforcement agencies, inadequate inter-agency coordination, and the increasing sophistication of technology-based criminal methods. The study further reveals that current measures remain predominantly repressive, while preventive strategies have not been optimally implemented. Therefore, strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing institutional cooperation, improving human resource capabilities, and adopting advanced technological monitoring systems are essential to effectively prevent and combat banking crimes and money laundering in Indonesia.

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