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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research
Tobias Gunas
Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng, Indonesia
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Language Function on Gender Representation in the English Textbooks of Indonesian Junior High Schools: Shaping Students' Social Awareness and Identity Sebastianus Menggo; Glaudia Ningsi Putri Harten; Tobias Gunas; Sabina Ndiung; Antonio Constantino Soares
Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research Vol 7, No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Keluarga Guru Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46843/jiecr.v7i3.3059

Abstract

The linguistic functions used in textbooks strengthen students' understanding of how gender representation is expressed. This study aims to examine the power of gender-based language functions in an English book. This manuscript incorporates a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through content analysis in examining gender representation and the variety of language functions. Data were analyzed in three stages: identification, categorization, and interpretation, aimed at determining the patterns of gender representation and the use of language functions in textbooks. The results showed that males were represented at a higher rate (54.13%) than females (45.87%) based on criteria for measuring gender representation, including pictorial illustrations, characters, gender mentions, role models, activities, and patterns of referencing females and males. A number of the six types of language functions used by the authors in their books, namely Referential, Emotive, Conative, Phatic, Metalingual, and Poetic, represent the highest female gender compared to the other five types. These findings conclude that language functions play a substantial role in shaping gender representation, promoting established beliefs about the roles of men and women. This study broadens applied linguistics in education by showing how textbook constructs of language proficiency shape students' perspectives on social consciousness and gender identity.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Politeness Strategies in WhatsApp Groups Tobias Gunas; Hieronimus Canggung Darong; Thi Loan Lam
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Undiksha Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jpbi.v14i2.112086

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the politeness strategies used in WhatsApp Group communication among university students. The research employed a qualitative descriptive design with a pragmatic approach based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory. The participants of the study consisted of 25 students who actively interacted in an academic WhatsApp Group. The data were collected through documentation of naturally occurring conversations in the WhatsApp Group, including requests, reminders, greetings, apologies, suggestions, and discussions. The researcher functioned as the primary research instrument, while supporting instruments included observation notes, documentation sheets, and coding categories. The data were analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, classification, interpretation, and conclusion drawing based on the four categories of politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson: bald-on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record strategies. The findings revealed that all four types of politeness strategies were employed by the participants in WhatsApp Group communication. Positive politeness strategy was the most dominant strategy, accounting for 40% of the data, followed by negative politeness strategy (27%), bald-on-record strategy (20%), and off-record strategy (13%). The findings indicate that participants tended to emphasize solidarity, cooperation, friendliness, and harmonious interaction in digital communication. In addition, the study found that contextual factors and digital communication features such as emojis and informal expressions contributed to the realization of politeness strategies. Overall, this study confirms that politeness remains an important aspect of interpersonal communication in technologically mediated interaction and demonstrates the relevance of pragmatic analysis in understanding digital communication practices.
Co-Authors Antonio Constantino Soares Glaudia Ningsi Putri Harten Hieronimus Canggung Darong Sabina Ndiung Sebastianus Menggo Thi Loan Lam