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Eka Putri Rahmadhani
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Peran Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) sebagai Biomarker Prognostik Gagal Jantung: Literature Review Brian; Iswandi Darwis; Eka Putri Rahmadhani; Intanri Kurniati
Medula Vol 16 No 2 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i2.1770

Abstract

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, contributing to a substantial global health burden, including in Indonesia. Although conventional biomarkers such as BNP and NT-proBNP are well established for diagnosis and risk stratification, they have limitations in capturing the heterogeneous pathophysiology of heart failure. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of the TGF-β superfamily that increases in response to oxidative stress, inflammation, and myocardial ischemia, has emerged as a more comprehensive prognostic biomarker. This literature review examines clinical studies, prospective and retrospective cohorts, observational research, and meta-analyses evaluating the prognostic value of GDF-15 in acute and chronic heart failure. The synthesized evidence demonstrates that elevated GDF-15 levels consistently correlate with increased risks of mortality, rehospitalization, and disease progression. In addition, serial measurements of GDF-15 reflect therapeutic response, as failure of GDF-15 levels to decline is associated with poorer outcomes. Combining GDF-15 with other biomarkers, such as NT-proBNP, further enhances risk stratification accuracy compared with single-biomarker assessment. Based on current evidence, GDF-15 holds substantial potential as an independent and dynamic prognostic biomarker, supporting more precise risk assessment, disease monitoring, and clinical decision-making in patients with heart failure.
Persebaran Indeks Massa Tubuh Mahasiswi Tahun Ke-4 Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Lampung Rio Sanjaya; Anggi Setiorini; Eka Putri Rahmadhani; Waluyo Rudiyanto
Medula Vol 16 No 2 (2026): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v16i2.1781

Abstract

Students in early adulthood are vulnerable to lifestyle changes associated with academic demands and the university environment, which may ultimately affect their nutritional status. One commonly used indicator for assessing nutritional status is Body Mass Index (BMI). Changes in dietary patterns, irregular physical activity, and suboptimal sleep quality may increase the risk of nutritional imbalance among students. This study aimed to determine the distribution of Body Mass Index among female medical students of the 2022 cohort at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lampung. This study employed an observational design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 175 female students as research participants. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, including body weight on a digital scale and height on a microtoise. BMI values were calculated as body weight divided by height squared and then classified according to standard anthropometric criteria. The results showed that the majority of respondents had normal nutritional status based on BMI, with 123 students (70.3%). Meanwhile, 23 students (13.1%) were classified as underweight, 11 students (6.3%) as overweight, and 18 students (10.3%) as obese. These findings are consistent with previous studies reporting a predominance of normal BMI among student populations. However, the presence of nearly one-third of respondents with abnormal BMI indicates the influence of lifestyle-related factors, such as dietary habits, physical activity levels, sleep quality, and daily behaviors. Therefore, promotive and preventive efforts through nutritional education and the adoption of healthy lifestyle practices are necessary to maintain optimal nutritional status among students.
Co-Authors Anggi Setiorini Brian Intanri Kurniati Iswandi Darwis Rio Sanjaya Waluyo Rudiyanto