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A Narrative Review on the In Vivo Evaluation of Iron Bioavailability to Assess the Effectiveness of Food Fortification and Biofortification: Narrative Review on the In Vivo Evaluation of Iron Bioavailability in Food Fortification Haneen Basori; Malvin Widyanto Tjoa; Felycia Angellia; Gracia Angelina Wan; Rike Tri Kumala Dewi; Dwining Putri Elfriede
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI PANGAN DAN ILMU PERTANIAN (JIPANG) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Ilmu Pertanian (JIPANG)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jipang.v8i1.8082

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia remains a major global health problem, with a prevalence reaching 40% among children aged 6–59 months, 37% among pregnant women, and 30% among women of reproductive age. Low iron bioavailability is a key limiting factor affecting the effectiveness of nutritional interventions. This review aimed to analyze various in vivo methods used to evaluate iron bioavailability from food sources and to assess the effectiveness of fortification, biofortification, and food processing modifications. A narrative review approach was conducted through literature searches in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, MDPI, and Garuda databases for original research articles published between January 2016 and March 2026, with March 2026 as the search cutoff to ensure inclusion of fully indexed publications only. Of the 24 identified articles, 8 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that in vivo studies employed various parameters, including hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, relative biological value, fractional iron absorption, hemoglobin concentration, serum ferritin, and organ iron retention. Notably, iron bioavailability was not always proportional to total iron content in food, as biofortification and fermentation strategies improved physiological iron utilization primarily by reducing inhibitory compounds such as phytate, rather than by increasing total iron content. Food matrix, chemical form of iron, and physiological status of subjects were identified as the most critical determinants of iron absorption effectiveness.
Analysis of Food Prevention and Reduction in Cabbage Supply Chain: A Review Aprilia Putri Nasution; Lina Rahmawati; Raphael Nathanael Santosa; Gracia Angelina Wan; I Kadek Adi Indrawan; Nurhayati Nurhayati
Journal of Environmental Economics and Sustainability Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): May
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jees.v3i3.1133

Abstract

This study examines food loss and food waste (FLW) in the cabbage (Brassica oleracea/Brassica rapa) supply chain as a critical challenge to sustainable food systems. Cabbage is highly susceptible to loss due to intensive trimming, mechanical damage, non-protective packaging, and the absence of cold chain infrastructure, particularly in modern and online market channels. This review aims to identify FLW hotspots along the cabbage value chain and to assess prevention and valorization strategies within a circular economy framework. The FAO Food Loss Analysis (FLA) methodology was applied through load tracking, sampling, interviews, and qualitative assessments across multiple distribution channels in Cianjur, Indonesia. Results show cumulative losses ranging from 18–51%, primarily driven by repeated handling, strict visual quality standards, and inadequate logistics. Preventive interventions such as Good Handling Practices (GHP), reusable plastic crates, and improved early-stage transport systems demonstrate strong economic feasibility and significant loss reduction. In addition, cabbage residues present high potential for valorization into functional ingredients, bioenergy, and bio-based materials. Integrating prevention and valorization strategies is essential to reduce FLW and enhance sustainability in horticultural supply chains.