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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy
Ainil Fitri Pulungan
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, Medan, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Leaf Extract: Effect of Precursor-to-Extract Ratio on Particle Size and Antioxidant Activity Annisa Humaira; Dikki Miswanda; Haris Munandar Nasution; Ainil Fitri Pulungan
Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy
Publisher : Pustaka Media Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63763/ijsp.v3i3.174

Abstract

Copper nanoparticles are widely developed for their physicochemical and biological properties, and plant-based green synthesis offers an environmentally friendly alternative. This study aimed to synthesize copper nanoparticles using an aqueous leaf extract of Java plum (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) as a bioreductor and stabilizing agent, and to evaluate their antioxidant activity. The extract was obtained by hot-water extraction and mixed with Cu(NO₃)₂ solution at various precursor-to-extract ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). The dried material was characterized and phytochemically screened, the synthesized product was analyzed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and antioxidant activity was assessed by the DPPH method. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and glycosides. Copper particle formation was indicated by a colour change to greenish-brown and precipitate formation. The smallest particle size (175.41 nm) was obtained at the 1:4 ratio, although still within the submicron range. The synthesized copper particles exhibited very strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 41.24 µg/mL), higher than the extract alone (IC₅₀ 72.63 µg/mL). These results indicate that S. cumini leaf extract is a promising eco-friendly bioreductor for producing antioxidant-active copper particles, with further optimization needed to reach the nanoscale.
Co-Authors Annisa Humaira Dikki Miswanda Haris Munandar Nasution