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All Journal Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy
Muhammad Gaus
Universitas Sulawesi Barat
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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LOCAL DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA: A COMPARISON OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT REGIONAL HEAD ELECTION SYSTEMS Muhammad Gaus; Farhanuddin; Muhammad; Asriani; Rahmatullah
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21723251

Abstract

This paper begins with the debate over direct and indirect elections in regional head elections in Indonesia. This study aims to compare the two electoral systems that have each been implemented in Indonesia, particularly in selecting leaders at the regional government level. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach , with the primary data source coming from a literature review of scientific journals, books, reports, official documents, and other relevant references. The results show that both systems have a legitimate basis to justify their adherence to democratic values. Ultimately, no system is perfect; the most important thing is to pursue the best strategy within whichever system is agreed upon.
RUSSIA'S STRATEGIC POSITION IN GLOBAL POLITICAL ARCHITECTURE BETWEEN MULTIPOLARITY AND GEOPOLITICAL REVISIONISM Hadi Yudho Prio Wibowo; Muhammad Gaus; Asriani; Andi Muhammad Ikbal Salam; Pahruddin
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): December
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

This study analyzes the transformation of Russia's strategic position in global politics following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Employing structural realism and geopolitical analysis, this research examines how Russia reconfigures its influence through three main pillars: strategic partnership with China, energy diplomacy toward Asia, and leadership in multipolar architecture through BRICS. Research findings indicate that Western sanctions have paradoxically accelerated Russia's pivot to Asia and strengthened the narrative of a multipolar world order. Russian energy exports to China and India increased significantly, while BRICS membership expanded from 5 to 10 countries by 2025. However, this transformation faces structural limitations: technological isolation, economic fragmentation, and asymmetric dependence on China. This research contributes to understanding the dynamics of global power shifts and the implications of Russian revisionism on the liberal international order. The study concludes that Russia has successfully maintained its status as a major regional power with limited global influence, but not as an alternative hegemon.
Co-Authors Andi Muhammad Ikbal Salam Asraini, asriani Farhanuddin Hadi Yudho Prio Wibowo Muhammad Muhammad Pahruddin Rahmatullah