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All Journal International Journal of Social Science Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Litera : Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra
I Nengah Suardhana
Universitas Pendidikan Nasional
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Other

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HARMONY, HEALING, AND SPIRITUALITY TOURISM: WESTERN TOURISTS ENGAGEMENT WITH MELUKAT RITUALS IN BALI I Nengah Suardhana; I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama; I Wayan Kartimin; Anak Agung Ayu Ratih Kesumadewi
International Journal of Social Science Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/ijss.v6i1.12837

Abstract

Bali has emerged as a leading global destination for spiritual and wellness tourism, attracting Western travelers in search of personal transformation and inner healing. Among its distinctive cultural practices is the Balinese purification ritual, known as melukat, which employs sacred water as a medium for spiritual cleansing. This study explores the interaction between Western tourists and Balinese spiritual practices, with a particular focus on how melukat is experienced and interpreted within a cross-cultural context. A qualitative research design was adopted, utilizing in-depth interviews and participant observation conducted at selected sacred sites and wellness centers across Bali. The collected data were analyzed thematically to identify key patterns related to tourists’ motivations and processes of meaning-making. The findings reveal four primary motivations driving participation: (1) the desire to escape the pressures of modern life, (2) the search for authentic spiritual experiences, (3) the pursuit of holistic healing, and (4) a fascination with the perceived harmony of Balinese culture. At the same time, the study indicates that many participants reinterpret melukat through individualistic and psychological frameworks, often distancing the practice from its original religious and cosmological significance. Rather than representing a straightforward process of commodification, these interactions reflect a dynamic process of cultural adaptation and transformation. In this process, local communities actively engage with tourism while striving to preserve the core values of their spiritual traditions. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on spiritual tourism by offering a cross-cultural perspective on the reinterpretation of sacred rituals within global tourism contexts. It also underscores the importance of balancing tourism development with cultural preservation to ensure the long-term sustainability and authenticity of Bali’s cultural heritage.
FROM PLASTIC CRISIS TO CIRCULAR TOURISM: WASTE GOVERNANCE FAILURES AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PATHWAYS IN BALI, INDONESIA I Nengah Suardhana; I Wayan Kartimin; I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

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Abstract

Bali’s tourism‑led growth has created a paradox in which rapid economic gains coexist with worsening plastic pollution, recurrent urban flooding, and degradation of the coastal and marine ecosystems that sustain its appeal as a destination. Despite the adoption of a 2019 single‑use plastic ban and source‑based waste management policies, plastic waste volumes remained largely stagnant at about 408–414 tons per day between 2017 and 2019, exposing persistent implementation gaps. This study examines how waste governance failures, stakeholder behaviour, and tourism dynamics interact to shape Bali’s plastic crisis, and evaluates the potential of circular‑economy and community‑based tourism models to shift current trajectories. Using a mixed‑methods approach, it combines district‑level statistics, policy and secondary data, and qualitative evidence from interviews and observations with communities, tourism businesses, informal waste workers, and officials. The findings highlight inadequate infrastructure, fragmented multi‑level governance, weak enforcement, and low segregation at source, with only roughly half of waste properly managed and about 11% of plastic leaking annually to rivers and the ocean. At the same time, eco‑village and circular initiatives achieve 20–25% waste reductions in pilot areas, signalling the viability of polycentric, community‑driven approaches aligned with SDGs 11, 12, 14, and 17. The study integrates political ecology, implementation gap, collective‑action, and circular‑economy perspectives and proposes a multi‑stakeholder governance framework, emphasising stronger source‑based segregation and TPS3R, scaled‑up circular tourism villages, context‑specific deposit‑return and extended producer responsibility schemes, and enforceable sustainability standards in the tourism value chain.
OFFLINE TRAVEL IN AN ONLINE WORLD: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF ANALOGUE TOURISM IN THE DIGITAL ERA I Nengah Suardhana; I Wayan Kartimin; I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama
International Journal of Social Science Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/ijss.v5i6.12576

Abstract

This study examines the persistence and implications of offline travel within an increasingly digital tourism ecosystem dominated by online travel agencies, algorithmic recommendation systems, and mobile applications. It adopts a mixed-methods design involving semi-structured interviews with foreign tourists in Bali, an online survey, and secondary data from industry reports and destination case studies to explore social, economic, and psychological dimensions of analogue travel practices. Findings indicate that offline travel is sustained by quests for authenticity, deeper interpersonal interactions, and digital detox benefits, yet is constrained by convenience gaps, perceived inefficiency, and fear of missing out among younger, highly connected segments. Economically, offline channels continue to support micro, small, and medium enterprises, homestays, and local guides, particularly in rural and digitally excluded areas, but face intense price competition and visibility disadvantages relative to OTAs. Psychologically, offline travel enhances autonomy, self-efficacy, and attentional restoration, while simultaneously generating frustration for tourists accustomed to seamless digital services. The study contributes to tourism scholarship by clarifying the underexplored interplay between online and offline travel experiences and offers practical insights for policymakers and businesses seeking to design more balanced, human-centred tourism futures.
Revitalizing Rare Angon: Fostering Loyalty, Innovation, Youth Unity, Sustainable Agriculture Strategy in Balinese Culture and Tradition I Nengah Suardhana; I Putu Agus Santana; Anak Agung Ayu Ratih Kesumadewi; I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama
LITERA : Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): LITERA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Dhyana Pura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36002/litera.v12i2.5622

Abstract

This study examines the transformation of Rare Angon traditions within the context of the Balinese kite festival, with particular attention to shifts in youth participation, cultural meaning, and innovation. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach using an explanatory sequential design, integrating quantitative survey data from 150 respondents with qualitative interviews, participant observation, and visual analysis. The findings indicate a significant generational shift in the interpretation of kite-flying practices. Older participants continue to uphold strong spiritual values grounded in Hindu cosmology, particularly the symbolic relationship between Shiva and Parvati. In contrast, younger participants increasingly view the festival as a platform for creativity, competition, and social interaction. This shift reflects a broader transformation from ritual-based devotion to performative cultural expression. Drawing on the Tri Hita Karana framework, the study demonstrates that the kite festival continues to maintain a dynamic balance among spiritual (parahyangan), social (pawongan), and environmental (palemahan) dimensions. At the same time, innovations in kite-making techniques and the integration of tourism-related elements have enhanced youth engagement, while also raising concerns regarding cultural commodification. The study concludes that the sustainability of Rare Angon traditions depends on the capacity to negotiate continuity and change through adaptive cultural practices. These findings contribute to broader discussions on cultural resilience, heritage transformation, and sustainable tourism in contemporary societies.
Co-Authors Anak Agung Ayu Ratih Kesumadewi I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama I Putu Agus Santana I Wayan Kartimin