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All Journal Qonuni: Jurnal Hukum dan Pengkajian Islam Tanfizi : Journal of Islamic Constitutional and Political Law Journal of Islamic Law and Wisdom Contemporary Islamic Law and Legal Issue
Ahmad Zulfi Wahyudi
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Prospects for Artificial Intelligence Integration in the Transformation of Indonesia’s Legal Ecosystem Ahmad Faiz Shobir Alfikri; Maziya Rahma Wahda; Ahmad Zulfi Wahyudi; M. Azam Rahmatullah
Contemporary Islamic Law and Legal Issue Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Presscience

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63120/islamiclegalissue.v1i2.120

Abstract

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in the legal sector has driven a significant transformation in Indonesia’s legal ecosystem. This study addresses three research questions: (1) How has AI been adopted within Indonesia’s legal sector, and what forms does this adoption take? (2) What potential does AI hold for strengthening legal research, the legal profession, and judicial administration? (3) What regulatory framework is urgently required to govern AI use in Indonesia’s legal context, and how does it compare with existing international models? Employing a normative legal research methodology with conceptual and statutory approaches, this study conducts a prescriptive analysis of primary legal materials (statutes and regulations), secondary sources (academic literature and case studies), and comparative regulatory models, including the European Union’s AI Act. The findings reveal that AI adoption in Indonesia’s legal sector has progressed through private-sector platforms: Legal Hero, Legal Pro, and Allex, and through judicial innovation via the Supreme Court’s Smart Majelis system. While these developments demonstrate measurable efficiency gains, critical regulatory issues persist: no Indonesian statute directly governs AI’s specific characteristics, creating risks of algorithmic bias, erosion of judicial independence, opacity in decision-making, and data privacy violations. This study argues that Indonesia must adopt a risk-tiered, comprehensive AI regulatory framework, drawing on lessons from the EU AI Act while adapting to Indonesia’s socio-legal context, to ensure that AI strengthens rather than undermines the integrity of the national legal system.
Female Judges in Muslim-Majority Countries: The Reconfiguration of Judicial Authority in Islamic Political Jurisprudence Ahmad Faiz Shobir Alfikri; Maziya Rahma Wahda; Ahmad Zulfi Wahyudi
Tanfizi : Journal of Islamic Constitutional and Political Law Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Hukum Tata Negara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/tanfizi.v2i1.11021

Abstract

This article examines the position of female judges in Islamic political jurisprudence (fiqh siyasah) and its institutionalisation across Muslim-majority countries. Two central questions guide this study: first, how classical and contemporary Islamic jurisprudence has positioned female judicial authority within the doctrine of wilāyat al-qaḍāʾ; and second, whether the incorporation of female judges into the constitutional frameworks of Muslim-majority states reflects a reconfiguration of the normative foundations of judicial legitimacy. This study employs a normative legal research design combining comparative and conceptual approaches. Primary legal materials consist of classical juristic texts, constitutional provisions, and judicial appointment statutes from selected Muslim-majority jurisdictions. In contrast, secondary legal materials include peer-reviewed scholarship on Islamic constitutionalism, judicial reform, and gender in Islamic legal systems. These materials are analysed through doctrinal interpretation and thematic comparative evaluation. The findings reveal, first, that classical jurisprudence did not produce a binding consensus (ijmaʿ) categorically prohibiting female judges, as minority opinions and divergent methodological approaches demonstrate the tradition’s inherent plurality. Second, the comparative constitutional analysis shows that the majority of Muslim-majority states have formally institutionalised female judges by reframing judicial authority in terms of professional competence, constitutional equality, and institutional legitimacy rather than in terms of gender. This article concludes that these developments reflect a structural transformation in Islamic political jurisprudence: a reconfiguration from a classical configuration premised on the convergence of sovereignty, religious legitimacy, and male guardianship, toward a constitutional paradigm grounded in institutional competence and equality before the law.
Dari Ultra Petita ke Ex Officio: Reorientasi Kewenangan Hakim dalam Penetapan Hadhanah Pasca SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2025 Ahmad Faiz Shobir Alfikri; Maziya Rahma Wahda; Ahmad Zulfi Wahyudi; M. Azam Rahmatullah
Journal of Islamic Law and Wisdom Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Hukum Islam - UIN Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/jilaw.v1i1.11103

Abstract

For a decade, the Supreme Court, through SEMA No. 3 of 2015 and SEMA No. 3 of 2018, consistently prohibited judges from granting custody ex officio and classified such rulings as ultra petita. SEMA No. 1 of 2025 subsequently reversed this policy by legitimizing judges' ex officio authority in custody determinations. This study aims to analyse this policy transformation and examine the shift in paradigm from procedural justice to substantive justice. Using a normative legal research method with legislative and conceptual approaches, this study concludes that the regulatory trajectory of child custody in Indonesia has been shaped by a transformative shift in judicial policy, from ultra petita to ex officio. Formally, SEMA No. 1 of 2025 derives its binding force from Article 8 of Law No. 12 of 2011 and Article 79 of the Supreme Court Law, while its substantive legitimacy is grounded in the Child Protection Law and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Furthermore, SEMA No. 1 of 2025 reflects a fundamental paradigm shift from procedural justice to substantive justice, with the principle of the best interests of the child serving as the operational legal norm that legitimizes the active-protective judge model within Indonesian religious courts. Selama satu dekade, Mahkamah Agung melalui SEMA Nomor 3 Tahun 2015 dan SEMA Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 secara konsisten melarang hakim menetapkan hadhanah secara ex officio dan mengategorikannya sebagai ultra petita. SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2025 membalik kebijakan tersebut dengan memberikan legitimasi atas kewenangan ex officio hakim berdasarkan prinsip the best interest of the child. Penelitian ini mengkaji transformasi kebijakan tersebut serta pergeseran paradigma yang mendasarinya, dari keadilan prosedural menuju keadilan substantif. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, penelitian ini menyimpulkan tiga hal. Pertama, SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2025 memiliki kekuatan mengikat berdasarkan Pasal 8 Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 dan Pasal 79 Undang-Undang Mahkamah Agung, serta legitimasi substantif yang berpijak pada Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak dan Konvensi Hak Anak. Kedua, penetapan hadhanah secara ex officio bukan merupakan ultra petita dalam pengertian yang sesungguhnya, karena ditujukan untuk melindungi kepentingan anak sebagai pihak yang tidak terwakili secara prosedural dalam persidangan. Ketiga, SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2025 menandai pergeseran paradigma dari hakim pasif yang terikat pada petitum menuju model hakim aktif-protektif yang menjadikan kepentingan terbaik anak sebagai parameter utama dalam putusannya.
Disharmoni Regulasi Perkawinan Siri di Indonesia: Antara Penegakan Pidana dan Celah Administratif Ahmad Faiz Shobir Alfikri; Maziya Rahma Wahda; Ahmad Zulfi Wahyudi
Qonuni: Jurnal Hukum dan Pengkajian Islam Vol. 6 No. 01 (2026): Qonuni: Jurnal Hukum dan Pengkajian Islam
Publisher : Prodi Ahwal Asy Syahsiyah, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, Universitas PTIQ Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59833/5xkbed86

Abstract

The practice of unregistered marriage (nikah siri) in Indonesia remains widespread despite the state’s long-standing obligation to register marriages under the Marriage Law. This article examines two interrelated issues: the position of Article 404 of the new Criminal Code as an affirmation of the marriage registration obligation and its underlying philosophy of legal protection, and the synchronization between administrative population policy and the protective spirit of marriage registration law. This research employs a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach, analyzing primary legal materials comprising the Marriage Law, the new Criminal Code, the Ministerial Regulation on Population Administration, the Compilation of Islamic Law, and the Indonesian Ulema Council Fatwa Number 10 of 2008. The findings reveal that Article 404 of the new Criminal Code constitutes a normative affirmation and instrumental reinforcement of Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Marriage Law, transforming what was previously a declarative obligation into an enforceable legal duty grounded in utilitarian punishment theory aimed at protecting women and children from the adverse effects of unregistered marriage. However, this normative reinforcement is undermined by the Ministerial Regulation on Population Administration, which accommodates unregistered marriages through the “not yet registered marriage” mechanism, thereby creating a regulatory inconsistency. This inconsistency reflects a philosophical incoherence in the state’s approach to unregistered marriage, threatening legal certainty and weakening the effectiveness of legal protection for women and children within the institution of marriage in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Ahmad Faiz Shobir Alfikri M. Azam Rahmatullah Maziya Rahma Wahda