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All Journal International Journal of Social and Political Sciences Journal of Islamic Law and Wisdom Contemporary Islamic Law and Legal Issue
M. Azam Rahmatullah
Al-Azhar University
Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Prospects for Artificial Intelligence Integration in the Transformation of Indonesia’s Legal Ecosystem Ahmad Faiz Shobir Alfikri; Maziya Rahma Wahda; Ahmad Zulfi Wahyudi; M. Azam Rahmatullah
Contemporary Islamic Law and Legal Issue Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Presscience

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63120/islamiclegalissue.v1i2.120

Abstract

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in the legal sector has driven a significant transformation in Indonesia’s legal ecosystem. This study addresses three research questions: (1) How has AI been adopted within Indonesia’s legal sector, and what forms does this adoption take? (2) What potential does AI hold for strengthening legal research, the legal profession, and judicial administration? (3) What regulatory framework is urgently required to govern AI use in Indonesia’s legal context, and how does it compare with existing international models? Employing a normative legal research methodology with conceptual and statutory approaches, this study conducts a prescriptive analysis of primary legal materials (statutes and regulations), secondary sources (academic literature and case studies), and comparative regulatory models, including the European Union’s AI Act. The findings reveal that AI adoption in Indonesia’s legal sector has progressed through private-sector platforms: Legal Hero, Legal Pro, and Allex, and through judicial innovation via the Supreme Court’s Smart Majelis system. While these developments demonstrate measurable efficiency gains, critical regulatory issues persist: no Indonesian statute directly governs AI’s specific characteristics, creating risks of algorithmic bias, erosion of judicial independence, opacity in decision-making, and data privacy violations. This study argues that Indonesia must adopt a risk-tiered, comprehensive AI regulatory framework, drawing on lessons from the EU AI Act while adapting to Indonesia’s socio-legal context, to ensure that AI strengthens rather than undermines the integrity of the national legal system.
Dari Ultra Petita ke Ex Officio: Reorientasi Kewenangan Hakim dalam Penetapan Hadhanah Pasca SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2025 Ahmad Faiz Shobir Alfikri; Maziya Rahma Wahda; Ahmad Zulfi Wahyudi; M. Azam Rahmatullah
Journal of Islamic Law and Wisdom Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Hukum Islam - UIN Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/jilaw.v1i1.11103

Abstract

For a decade, the Supreme Court, through SEMA No. 3 of 2015 and SEMA No. 3 of 2018, consistently prohibited judges from granting custody ex officio and classified such rulings as ultra petita. SEMA No. 1 of 2025 subsequently reversed this policy by legitimizing judges' ex officio authority in custody determinations. This study aims to analyse this policy transformation and examine the shift in paradigm from procedural justice to substantive justice. Using a normative legal research method with legislative and conceptual approaches, this study concludes that the regulatory trajectory of child custody in Indonesia has been shaped by a transformative shift in judicial policy, from ultra petita to ex officio. Formally, SEMA No. 1 of 2025 derives its binding force from Article 8 of Law No. 12 of 2011 and Article 79 of the Supreme Court Law, while its substantive legitimacy is grounded in the Child Protection Law and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Furthermore, SEMA No. 1 of 2025 reflects a fundamental paradigm shift from procedural justice to substantive justice, with the principle of the best interests of the child serving as the operational legal norm that legitimizes the active-protective judge model within Indonesian religious courts. Selama satu dekade, Mahkamah Agung melalui SEMA Nomor 3 Tahun 2015 dan SEMA Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 secara konsisten melarang hakim menetapkan hadhanah secara ex officio dan mengategorikannya sebagai ultra petita. SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2025 membalik kebijakan tersebut dengan memberikan legitimasi atas kewenangan ex officio hakim berdasarkan prinsip the best interest of the child. Penelitian ini mengkaji transformasi kebijakan tersebut serta pergeseran paradigma yang mendasarinya, dari keadilan prosedural menuju keadilan substantif. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, penelitian ini menyimpulkan tiga hal. Pertama, SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2025 memiliki kekuatan mengikat berdasarkan Pasal 8 Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 dan Pasal 79 Undang-Undang Mahkamah Agung, serta legitimasi substantif yang berpijak pada Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak dan Konvensi Hak Anak. Kedua, penetapan hadhanah secara ex officio bukan merupakan ultra petita dalam pengertian yang sesungguhnya, karena ditujukan untuk melindungi kepentingan anak sebagai pihak yang tidak terwakili secara prosedural dalam persidangan. Ketiga, SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2025 menandai pergeseran paradigma dari hakim pasif yang terikat pada petitum menuju model hakim aktif-protektif yang menjadikan kepentingan terbaik anak sebagai parameter utama dalam putusannya.
The Mobile Court Program as an Instrument for Access to Justice in Remote Areas. An Empirical Study of the Religious Court of Labuha Ahmad Faiz Shobir Alfikri; Maziya Rahma Wahda; Ahmad Zulfi Wahyudi; M. Azam Rahmatullah
International Journal of Social and Political Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): December, 2025
Publisher : Austronesia Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.146

Abstract

Access to justice remains uneven for communities living in remote archipelagic regions, where distance, transport constraints, and administrative barriers limit their ability to obtain formal judicial services. In response to this problem, the Labuha Religious Court has implemented a mobile court program to bring hearings closer to justice seekers. This study aims to examine how the mobile court program is implemented in the jurisdiction of the Labuha Religious Court and to identify the factors that support and hinder its operation. The research uses a qualitative empirical legal method with a socio-legal approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentation involving court officials and community members directly connected to mobile court activities, and were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings show that mobile court sessions in Kasiruta and Sanana substantially improved access to justice, especially for marriage validation, divorce by talaq, contested divorce, and guardianship cases. The program was supported by strong institutional commitment, inter-agency collaboration, and active community participation. However, its implementation was constrained by difficult geography, weather uncertainty, limited transportation, and incomplete administrative documents among justice seekers. In conclusion, the mobile court program functions as an effective instrument for expanding inclusive judicial services in remote areas across dispersed island communities.
Co-Authors Ahmad Faiz Shobir Alfikri Ahmad Faiz Shobir Alfikri Ahmad Zulfi Wahyudi Ahmad Zulfi Wahyudi Maziya Rahma Wahda Maziya Rahma Wahda