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All Journal International Journal of Nusantara Islam Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas International Journal of Nusantara Islam
Iman Mukhroman
Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Serang
Religion Arts Humanities Social Sciences

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The Spectacle of the Other: The Politics of Apologetic Representation of Islam in Social Media Iman Mukhroman; Agus Ahmad Safei; Asep A. Sahid
International Journal of Nusantara Islam Vol 14 No 1 (2026): International Journal of Nusantara Islam
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ijni.v14i1.52318

Abstract

In today’s digital era, Islamic apologetics has moved away from traditional theological debates and toward more dynamic and widely publicized presentations.  Social media now acts as a stage for figures like Bang Zuma to defend their beliefs with bold moves and identity-driven narratives. This mirrors Stuart Hall’s concept of the politics of representation, where other groups are cast as symbolic rivals in cultural struggles over meaning and power. Using Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis, this study looks at two of Bang Zuma’s YouTube videos through three angles: macrostructure (big-picture ideological themes), superstructure (how arguments are built), and microstructure (language and style). The results show a symbolic battle that asserts Islam’s dominance while discrediting others. Through deliberate word choice, repeated religious symbols, and a showy communication style, faith becomes a moral performance mixing theology with spectacle. In the end, digital Islamic apologetics works both to defend belief and to put on an ideological show that upholds religious authority while deepening social and religious divides, showing how religion adapts to media logic where representation turns into a contest for meaning and identity.
The Spectacle of the Other: The Politics of Apologetic Representation of Islam in Social Media Iman Mukhroman; Agus Ahmad Safei; Asep A. Sahid
International Journal of Nusantara Islam Vol 14 No 1 (2026): International Journal of Nusantara Islam
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ijni.v14i1.52318

Abstract

In today’s digital era, Islamic apologetics has moved away from traditional theological debates and toward more dynamic and widely publicized presentations.  Social media now acts as a stage for figures like Bang Zuma to defend their beliefs with bold moves and identity-driven narratives. This mirrors Stuart Hall’s concept of the politics of representation, where other groups are cast as symbolic rivals in cultural struggles over meaning and power. Using Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis, this study looks at two of Bang Zuma’s YouTube videos through three angles: macrostructure (big-picture ideological themes), superstructure (how arguments are built), and microstructure (language and style). The results show a symbolic battle that asserts Islam’s dominance while discrediting others. Through deliberate word choice, repeated religious symbols, and a showy communication style, faith becomes a moral performance mixing theology with spectacle. In the end, digital Islamic apologetics works both to defend belief and to put on an ideological show that upholds religious authority while deepening social and religious divides, showing how religion adapts to media logic where representation turns into a contest for meaning and identity.
Islamic Apologetics and the Commodification of Religion in the Digital Public Space Iman Mukhroman; Asep Saeful Muhtadi; Zaenal Mukarom; Hamzah Turmudi
Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jis.v6i1.52319

Abstract

Insights on the digital transformation of Islamic preaching in Indonesia, for example, highlight how religious practice gets enmeshed with social media's symbolic economy. In this paper, I examine the transition from da’wah to digital commodity in Islamic apologetics through the channel Bang Zuma Official on YouTube, and how faith, authority, and algorithms intersect in the digital public sphere. This study adopts a qualitative interpretive method, building on the analytics of Robert Entman’s (1993) framing analysis and Vincent Mosco’s (2009) theory of media commodification. The main data are collected from the video “Penyesat Itu Bergelar Yesus Kristus.. Siapa Pengikutnya???”(published March 6, 2025). They are, meaning structure or ideological representation, and the forms of commodification of religion in Bang Zuma’s apologetic discourse. The results indicate that Bang Zuma conceptualizes Islam as the ‘ultimate truth’ and other religions in terms of epistemological distortions. His rhetorical style connects theological argumentation with digital aesthetics, rendering da’wah an ideological spectacle. Three forms of commodification are identified: content (theological messages simplified for viral status), audience (those who consume or engage via donations act out digital fatigue and labour), and indeed the preachers themselves as spiritual labour modified in relation to algorithmic concerns.
Islamic Apologetics in the Perspective of Religion and Development in the Digital Era Iman Mukhroman; Yusuf Zainal Abidin; Aep Kusnawan; Rohmanur Aziz
Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jis.v6i2.52320

Abstract

Digital Islamic apologetics has become a new phenomenon in the relationship between religion and socio-cultural development. Digital space, especially YouTube, has become not only an arena for the dissemination of religious teachings, but also a platform for the formation of new religious authorities that influence solidarity and polarization in society. This study uses qualitative methods to analyze the structure of religious messages presented in two Bang Zuma videos uploaded on YouTube based on Robert Entman's (1993) framing analysis. Insights from Craig's (2008) apologetic epistemology consisting of five models: classical, evidential, Reformed epistemology, Presuppositional and Cumulative Case, as well as Berger & Luckmann's social constructionism model will be used to understand the emergence and development of digital faith reality. The findings show that Bang Zuma's apologetics integrates Craig's four main models: evidential (analysis of biblical texts and history), presuppositional (the Qur'an as the standard of absolute truth), classical (philosophical arguments against the Trinity), and reformed epistemology (tawhid as human nature), which emphasizes the rational and moral defense of Islam. This message study affirms Islam as a rational and ethical religion, but also fosters an oppositional logic of "us versus them," reinforcing exclusive identities. Digital Islamic apologetics has a dual function: strengthening spiritual literacy and community solidarity (bonding social capital), but also potentially causing sociocultural polarization and narrowing the space for interfaith dialogue (bridging social capital). This research emphasizes the importance of a cumulative and moderate approach that integrates rationality, morality, and social empathy to make digital Islamic apologetics a moral and intellectual force in the development of an inclusive society.
Co-Authors Aep Kusnawan Agus Ahmad Safei Asep A. Sahid Asep Saeful Muhtadi, Asep Saeful Hamzah Turmudi Rohmanur Aziz, Rohmanur Yusuf Zainal Abidin Zaenal Mukarom