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All Journal Unram Law Review Mataram Journal of International Law
Adhitya Nini Rizki Apriliana
University of Mataram
Humanities Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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THE CONSEQUENCES OF REVISIONISM ON THE APPLICATION OF CABOTAGE PRINCIPLE IN THE INDONESIAN MARITIME LAW Marco Bastian Lumentah; Adhitya Nini Rizki Apriliana
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/n3p3q604

Abstract

Historically, the Cabotage Principle is no recent concept in the history of Indonesia, albeit the contemporary re-emergence nuanced a problem for the national maritime industry and the legal system itself. This normative research tries to tackle this problem with a critical theory approach, by not only relying on doctrinal techniques, but also political economy, literary, and ethical concepts to find anomalies before inferring to the best explanation. After studying the four main Acts and several derivate regulations along with their practice in the real world, through concepting the three modes of moral claim, the research finds various dissonance and irregularities, indicating a non-compliance which may result from preferential institutional praxis of the law. Investigating from multiple cases, the diagnosis is of post-modernism: the value dissonance is symptomatic of a deeper institutional decay and instability which can at least be traced back to the year 2014, purporting of the principle’s values, and aided by legal discrepancies resulting in the undeveloped goal of the initiated principle. The effects of the revisionism on the application of cabotage principle in the Indonesian maritime law are diverse and we can at least come into conclusion of a hypothesis on what hinders the principle’s goals. The author recommends to reverse several amendments, revitalize the original ontology of the 2008 Shipping Act, and replacement of the 32 Marine Act of 2014, also the re-establishment of DEKIN to ensure the archipelagic outlook of Indonesia is preserved with the utmost importance in the nation’s economic, social, cultural, and political life.
PEMBATASAN HAK PENDIDIKAN PADA PEREMPUAN DI AFGHANISTAN BERDASARKAN CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN Syayidatina Fajriyah Almusyarofah; Zunnuraeni; Adhitya Nini Rizki Apriliana
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v3i1.7021

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembatasan hak pendidikan perempuan di Afghanistan oleh Taliban dalam perspektif hukum internasional, dengan fokus pada Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Perempuan (CEDAW) 1979. Sebagai negara pihak dalam CEDAW, Afghanistan memiliki kewajiban internasional untuk memastikan kesetaraan gender, termasuk menyediakan akses pendidikan yang setara bagi laki-laki dan perempuan tanpa diskriminasi. Namun, sejak kebangkitan Taliban, kebijakan-kebijakan yang membatasi akses pendidikan perempuan, terutama di tingkat pendidikan menengah dan tinggi, diterapkan secara ketat. Tindakan ini merupakan pelanggaran jelas terhadap komitmen Afghanistan di bawah CEDAW. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan perjanjian internasional dan kerangka hak asasi manusia untuk menilai tanggung jawab hukum negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama, Kebijakan Taliban yang melarang perempuan untuk mengakses pendidikan menengah dan tinggi di Afghanistan merupakan bentuk pelanggaran terhadap kewajiban internasional yang telah disepakati oleh negara tersebut, khususnya sebagai pihak dalam CEDAW. Kedua, Berdasarkan prinsip pertanggungjawaban negara dalam hukum internasional yang tercantum dalam Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (DARS) oleh International Law Commission (ILC), Afghanistan sebagai negara tetap memikul tanggung jawab atas tindakan yang melanggar hukum internasional meskipun berada di bawah kekuasaan pemerintahan de facto seperti Taliban. Kata Kunci : CEDAW, Diskriminasi, Pendidikan, Taliban
Gender Discrimination in Artificial Intelligence: An International Human Rights Law Perspective and the Quest for Binding Regulation Ayu Riska Amalia; Diva Pitaloka; Adhitya Nini Rizki Apriliana
Unram Law Review Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Unram Law Review (ULREV)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ulrev.v9i2.450

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed and reshaped the way people work and interact. While AI provides convenience, it also poses significant challenges to human rights, particularly gender equality. The use of AI in recruitment processes, healthcare diagnosis, and discriminatory content moderation illustrates how it can exacerbate existing inequalities. This study employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach, analyzing primary instruments of international human rights law such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR),the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). It also examines non-binding frameworks, namely the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI and the OECD AI Principles, and compares them with the binding EU AI Act. The findings indicate that AI has the potential to violate fundamental rights of women, including the rights to equality and non-discrimination, work, privacy, health, participation in public and political life, as well as representation and identity. Furthermore, soft-law mechanisms remain insufficient to prevent gender bias, as their implementation relies heavily on states’ political will. Nevertheless, states have a positive obligation under international law to respect, protect, and fulfil the right to equality; thus, a binding international legal framework is urgently needed to ensure accountability and gender-sensitive AI governance.
Co-Authors Ayu Riska Amalia Diva Pitaloka Marco Bastian Lumentah Syayidatina Fajriyah Almusyarofah Zunnuraeni