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All Journal Hakam : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Hukum Ekonomi Islam Al Hurriyah : Jurnal Hukum Islam
Mohamad Sar'an
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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UJI SUBSTANTIF PASAL 212 KHI DALAM SENGKETA PENARIKAN HIBAH: STUDI KOMPARATIF DUA PUTUSAN PERADILAN AGAMA Mohamad Sar'an; Sahril Sidik; Ramdani Wahyu Sururie
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 10, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v10i2.15064

Abstract

This study examines the dialectics of judicial reasoning (rechtsvinding) in disputes over the revocation of gifts (ruju’ fi al-hibah) through the lens of the abuse of rights doctrine (ta’assuf fi isti’mal al-haq). Historically, Article 212 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) is often misunderstood as a norm granting absolute authority to parents to revoke a gift, rendering it devoid of material boundaries and potentially triggering injustice. Through normative legal research employing conceptual and comparative approaches to the Surabaya Religious Court Decision No. 5001/Pdt.G/2018/PA.Sby and Supreme Court Decision No. 467/K/AG/2017, this article reveals that the judiciary has shifted towards substantive justice. Judicial disparity occurs not due to inconsistent textual adherence, but as a manifestation of the judge's acuity in detecting bad faith. The Surabaya Religious Court canceled a gift to punish manipulation and defect of will (wilsgebreke) by the child, while the Supreme Court canceled a gift to prevent the exploitation of marital property by the parent without spousal consent. As a core finding, this article deconstructs the right of revocation into a "conditional right" and provides a practical contribution in the form of three absolute material testing parameters for judges: motivation test (two-way bad faith detection), ownership and object transformation test (mawani’ al-ruju’), and harm proportionality test. The cumulative application of these parameters is expected to serve as a judicial guideline to prevent the abuse of rights and protect the justice of the family institution.
Bjorka’s Cybercrimes from the Perspective of Fiqh Jinayah Zaky Anggara; Mohamad Sar'an; Enceng Arif Faizal; Muhammad Akbar Khan
Alhurriyah Vol 11 No 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/al-hurriyah.v11i1.10837

Abstract

This study aims to analyze Bjorka’s cybercrimes from the perspective of Islamic criminal law (fiqh jināyah) by examining the concept of criminal liability (al-mas’ūliyyah al-jinā’iyyah) and formulating a classification of sanctions (ʿuqūbāh) applicable to contemporary cyber offenses. The study employs normative legal research using a descriptive-analytical approach through the examination of primary sources of Islamic law, classical and contemporary fiqh literature, statutory regulations, and relevant academic publications, which are analyzed qualitatively to construct a legal framework for addressing cybercrime. The findings reveal that Bjorka’s cyber activities constitute jarīmah taʿzīr because no explicit textual provisions prescribe specific punishments for hacking and related cyber offenses, although such acts embody prohibited elements of al-kadhib (falsehood), akhdh al-māl bi ghayr ḥaqq (unlawful appropriation of property), tajassus (unauthorized surveillance), and violations of the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah). The study further classifies taʿzīr sanctions into light, moderate, and severe categories based on the nature of the offense, the degree of harm, and its impact on individuals, society, and state security. The study concludes that the principles of fiqh jināyah provide a flexible normative basis for addressing contemporary cybercrimes through proportional taʿzīr sanctions while maintaining justice, deterrence, and public welfare. This research contributes a systematic framework for assessing criminal liability and classifying sanctions for cybercrime within fiqh jināyah, thereby strengthening the theoretical development of Islamic criminal law in responding to emerging digital crimes and supporting future cybercrime policy formulation.
Co-Authors Faizal, Enceng Arif Muhammad Akbar Khan Ramdani Wahyu Sururie Sahril Sidik Zaky Anggara