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All Journal Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Ilmu Sosial (JHPIS) Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial
Sahata Manalu
Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas
Religion Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Perdebatan Penerapan Pembuktian Terbalik dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Mancur Sinaga; Maidin Gultom; Ica Carina; Sahata Manalu
Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial Volume 4 Nomor 1 February - May 2
Publisher : PT PUSTAKA CENDEKIA GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70292/pchukumsosial.v4i1.361

Abstract

This study examines the debate over the application of reverse burden of proof in corruption cases in Indonesia. The issue is significant because reverse burden of proof lies at the intersection between the need for effective corruption eradication and the protection of fundamental principles of fair criminal justice. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches. The primary legal materials include the Corruption Eradication Law and its amendment, the National Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, and relevant international legal instruments. The findings indicate that reverse burden of proof in corruption cases cannot be understood as an absolute reversal of the burden of proof. This mechanism applies mainly in a limited manner to gratification, the origin of the defendant’s assets, and property suspected of deriving from corruption. The main debate concerns the risk of shifting the burden of proof from the public prosecutor to the defendant when reverse burden of proof is applied broadly without clear limitations. Therefore, reverse burden of proof must be constructed as a special mechanism that is limited, balanced, proportional, and subject to judicial control during trial proceedings. This study concludes that reverse burden of proof may be maintained as an instrument for corruption eradication as long as it does not eliminate the prosecutor’s obligation to prove the indictment and does not disregard the rights of the defendant.
Legal Liability for Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content from an Intellectual Property Perspective in Indonesia Henny Saida Flora; Bertrand Sitohang; Sahata Manalu
JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): September: JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL (JHPIS)
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jhpis.v5i3.6711

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence now produces economically valuable works on a massive scale, while Indonesian copyright law still recognises human beings as the only possible authors. This study analyses the legal status of artificial intelligence-generated content from an intellectual property perspective and formulates a liability model suited to the Indonesian legal system. This normative legal research applies statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches. Primary legal materials comprise Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright, the Indonesian Civil Code, and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, while secondary materials consist of reputable literature published within the last five years, analysed through content analysis, legal interpretation, and deductive syllogism. The findings show that artificial intelligence can be neither a legal subject nor an author. Copyright protection attaches only insofar as a human creative contribution determines the final form of the work, consistent with the direction and supervision logic of Article 34. Liability for infringement must therefore be transferred to the human or legal entity connected to the system. This study formulates a tiered liability model distributing the burden among model developers, platform providers, and users according to degree of control, creative contribution, knowledge of risk, and discharge of the duty of care.  
Co-Authors Bertrand Sitohang Henny Saida Flora Ica Carina Maidin Gultom Mancur Sinaga