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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil
Jen Hua Ling
Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Flexural and Shear Strength of RC Beam with Embedded Polystyrenes Jen Hua Ling; Danson Tzet Lung Tan; Yong Tat Lim
Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Cantilever
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35139/cantilever.v15i1.653

Abstract

This study examines the structural performance and material efficiency of reinforced concrete (RC) beams embedded with trapezoidal polystyrene, tested under flexural and shear loadings. The integration of polystyrene aims to reduce concrete volume while maintaining structural integrity. Twelve specimens were tested under four-point static loading, including five different polystyrene configurations and one control specimen for each loading type. Performance was evaluated based on load-displacement behavior, structural capacity, and material efficiency (i.e., strength gain vs concrete volume reduction). Results indicate that beams incorporating polystyrene remain functional. However, not all configurations increased load-bearing capacity; for example, PB5 showed decreased capacity. Performance is significantly influenced by the geometry of the embedded polystyrene, with increasing width having a more detrimental effect than depth. Among the specimens, PB2 exhibited the best overall performance, achieving 10% higher flexural capacity and 18% greater shear capacity despite a 10% reduction in concrete volume, resulting in 22% and 31% higher material efficiency under flexural and shear loadings, respectively. Some specimens, such as PB5, showed decreased capacity. These gains, however, were offset by lower cracking resistance and reduced ductility, which could limit the beam’s serviceability and affect its suitability for structural applications requiring high deformation capacity or crack control. Despite its potential, the use of polystyrene in RC beams presents practical challenges, including the study’s limited replication, construction complexity, and fire safety concerns, which must be addressed before broader implementation in structural applications.
Investigation of Cement Bricks Partially Replaced with Cocopeat and Silico-Manganese Slag Lim Yong Tat; Nicholas Vun Thaw Chung; Jen Hua Ling; Azrul bin Zulwali Kifli; Mastura Bujang; Mazizah Ezdiani Mohamad; Qurratu Aini Binti Siat
Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering, and Design (IJoCED) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): IJoCED
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35806/0jms3f60

Abstract

The rising demand for construction materials has led to significant consumption of natural resources, particularly sand and cement, which are essential for making cement bricks. To address this issue, research has been conducted on incorporating waste materials from agricultural and industrial sources, such as cocopeat (CP) and silico-manganese (SiMn) slag as partial replacements in cement bricks. In this study, several samples of cement bricks were prepared using a sand-to-cement ratio of 1:2.5, a water-to-cement ratio of 0.5, and replacement materials consisting of 5–15% CP and 10–20% SiMn. The results revealed that higher CP content decreases compressive strength and density due to its porous structure, whereas SiMn increases strength by enhancing particle packing and acting as a binding agent. With that, the optimal mix was identified at 5% CP and 15–20% SiMn, which achieved improved strength while maintaining water absorption within industrial standard requirements, thereby ensuring structural durability. Additionally, the partial replacement of sand and cement with cocopeat and silico-manganese slag reduced the density of the bricks, making them easier to handle and decreasing structural loads. The use of CP and SiMn not only supports sustainable waste management but also improves the mechanical properties of the bricks. 
Co-Authors Azrul bin Zulwali Kifli Danson Tzet Lung Tan Lim Yong Tat Mastura Bujang Mazizah Ezdiani Mohamad Nicholas Vun Thaw Chung Qurratu Aini Binti Siat Yong Tat Lim