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All Journal Klinikal Sains (Jurnal Analis Kesehatan) Medfarm: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Frengki Molek Wirajaya
Universitas Abdurrab
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Formulation and Antibacterial Evaluation of Liquid Soap Containing Pineapple Peel Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes Eliya Mursyida; Frengki Molek Wirajaya; Olvaria Misfa
MEDFARM: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan Vol 15 No 1 (2026): Medfarm: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Publisher : LPPM Akafarma Sunan Giri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.48191/medfarm.v15i1.765

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance highlights the need for alternative antibacterial agents, particularly against Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Pineapple peel (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.), an agricultural by-product, contains bioactive compounds with reported antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to formulate ethanol extract of pineapple peel into a liquid soap and evaluate its physicochemical properties and antibacterial effectiveness. The extract was incorporated at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Physicochemical evaluations included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, free alkali content, and specific gravity. Antibacterial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method against S. aureus and S. pyogenes. All formulations met general quality requirements for liquid soap preparations, with pH values ranging from 7.3 to 9.7, specific gravity between 1.01 and 1.04g/mL, and free alkali content ≤0.1%. Antibacterial testing demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in inhibition zone diameter. The 15% formulation exhibited the highest activity, producing inhibition zones of 13.30mm against S. aureus and 20.25mm against S. pyogenes, with statistically significant differences compared to lower concentrations (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that pineapple peel extract can be successfully incorporated into a stable liquid soap formulation while retaining its antibacterial activity. The 15% formulation shows promising potential as a natural-based antibacterial cleansing product.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes: Suatu Penelitian In Vitro Eliya Mursyida; Frengki Molek Wirajaya; Santi Widiasari
Klinikal Sains : Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Abdurrab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36341/klinikal_sains.v13i2.6965

Abstract

Skin and soft tissue infections caused by S. aureus and S. pyogenes remain a significant public health concern, particularly in tropical regions. Pineapple peel (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.), an abundant agricultural by-product, contains several bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and bromelain, which are known for their antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of pineapple peel against S. aureus and S. pyogenes. This in vitro experimental study employed a post-test-only control group design. The extract was prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol and diluted with DMSO to obtain final concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the well diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar, with 70% ethanol as the positive control and DMSO as the negative control. Inhibition zones were measured after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C. The ethanol extract exhibited inhibitory effects against S. aureus with mean inhibition zone diameters of 4.72±0.88mm (5%), 5.53±0.75mm (10%), and 8.31±1.11mm (15%), and against S. pyogenes with 4.34±0.53mm (5%), 6.20±0.73mm (10%), and 9.29±0.36mm (15%). Statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences among treatment groups (p < 0.05), confirming that the antibacterial effect was concentration-dependent. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of pineapple peel demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. pyogenes, with increasing efficacy at higher concentrations, suggesting its potential as a natural antibacterial agent for future therapeutic or topical applications.
Co-Authors Eliya Mursyida Olvaria Misfa Santi Widiasari