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Santi Rande
Department of Public Administration, Mulawarman University of Bontang
Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Improving Inclusive Services in Educational Units Focusing on Children with Special Needs in Bontang City Okto Arbianta Hutahaean; Aji Ratna Kusuma; Santi Rande; Estefanie R. Cortez
JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi) Vol 11 No 2 (2026): JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26618/brja0f09

Abstract

This study investigates the improvement of inclusive education services for children with special needs in Bontang City, Indonesia, with emphasis on teacher capacity, adaptive curriculum implementation, disability-friendly infrastructure, and stakeholder collaboration. A descriptive qualitative design was applied to examine how inclusive education policies are translated into service practices at the local level. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews from the Education and Culture Office, inclusive schools, parents, and supporting institutions, and documentation of relevant policy and school records. The data were analyzed using qualitative procedures involving data reduction, data display, thematic coding, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that technical guidance and teacher training were perceived to improve teachers’ readiness to identify student needs and apply differentiated instruction. Curriculum adaptation was reflected in modified learning indicators, lesson plans, assessment criteria, and individualized support based on psychological assessment. Infrastructure development was demonstrated through the Autism Service Center, school accessibility facilities, and assistive learning resources, although distribution across schools remained uneven. Stakeholder collaboration involved local government, schools, parents, psychologists, and community organizations. The study contributes a locally grounded framework for strengthening inclusive education services through integrated pedagogical, institutional, infrastructural, and collaborative strategies.
Public Services in the Raskin Program: Evaluation in Damai Bahagia Subdistrict, South Balikpapan Murdelina; Aji Ratna Kusuma; Santi Rande; Zekeri Momoh
JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi) Vol 11 No 2 (2026): JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26618/hdgf8542

Abstract

Persistent urban poverty and uneven food assistance delivery continue to challenge equitable public service provision in Indonesian cities. This study evaluates public service delivery in the Raskin Program in Damai Bahagia Subdistrict, South Balikpapan, with specific attention to service procedures, targeting accuracy, distribution transparency, and beneficiary satisfaction. A descriptive qualitative design was applied through in-depth interviews with local officials, program implementers, community representatives, and beneficiary households, supported by direct observation and document review. Data were analyzed using an interactive qualitative model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with source and method triangulation to strengthen credibility. The findings show that the program reached low-income beneficiaries and was supported by positive staff attitudes and responsive interpersonal service. However, its effectiveness was constrained by unclear procedures, limited information access, distribution delays, uneven transparency, and weak beneficiary-data updating, which increased the risk of inclusion and exclusion errors. The study concludes that food assistance effectiveness depends on local administrative capacity, procedural clarity, data governance, and accountability mechanisms. The novelty of this study lies in integrating service quality, targeting accuracy, transparency, and satisfaction in a localized urban Raskin evaluation. The findings contribute to public service and social assistance governance by offering empirical insights for improving equitable, transparent, and accountable food assistance delivery.
Co-Authors Aji Ratna Kusuma Estefanie R. Cortez Murdelina Okto Arbianta Hutahaean Zekeri Momoh