Etika Demokrasi
Vol 11 No 2 (2026): JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi)

Improving Inclusive Services in Educational Units Focusing on Children with Special Needs in Bontang City

Okto Arbianta Hutahaean (Department of Public Administration, Mulawarman University of Bontang)
Aji Ratna Kusuma (Department of Public Administration, Mulawarman University of Bontang)
Santi Rande (Department of Public Administration, Mulawarman University of Bontang)
Estefanie R. Cortez (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
29 Jun 2026

Abstract

This study investigates the improvement of inclusive education services for children with special needs in Bontang City, Indonesia, with emphasis on teacher capacity, adaptive curriculum implementation, disability-friendly infrastructure, and stakeholder collaboration. A descriptive qualitative design was applied to examine how inclusive education policies are translated into service practices at the local level. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews from the Education and Culture Office, inclusive schools, parents, and supporting institutions, and documentation of relevant policy and school records. The data were analyzed using qualitative procedures involving data reduction, data display, thematic coding, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that technical guidance and teacher training were perceived to improve teachers’ readiness to identify student needs and apply differentiated instruction. Curriculum adaptation was reflected in modified learning indicators, lesson plans, assessment criteria, and individualized support based on psychological assessment. Infrastructure development was demonstrated through the Autism Service Center, school accessibility facilities, and assistive learning resources, although distribution across schools remained uneven. Stakeholder collaboration involved local government, schools, parents, psychologists, and community organizations. The study contributes a locally grounded framework for strengthening inclusive education services through integrated pedagogical, institutional, infrastructural, and collaborative strategies.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

jed

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

Description

JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi) bertujuan untuk menyebarkan pemikiran konseptual atau ide, ulasan dan temuan penelitian yang diperoleh di bidang Ilmu Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (PPKn). JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi) berfokus pada Pendidikan & Pembelajaran; Pendidikan Pancasila; Isu-isu ...