Zilfa Achmad Bagtayan
Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia

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The Stream of Consciousness of Exiled Characters in the Novel Pulang by Leila S. Chudori: A Direct, Free Discourse Analysis Kartika Amalia Neno; Herman Didipu; Zilfa Achmad Bagtayan
Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : Raja Zulkarnain Education Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55909/jpbs.v5i3.1484

Abstract

This study aims to analyze free direct discourse as a representation of exile characters’ stream of consciousness in Leila S. Chudori’s novel Pulang using a pragmatic stylistics approach. Grounded in Elizabeth Black’s (2016) framework, the research addresses three objectives: (1) to identify the forms of free direct discourse in the novel, (2) to examine its pragmatic functions in representing the psychological conditions of exile characters, and (3) to interpret its stylistic implications for reading historical trauma and identity crises. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical method, data were collected purposively from the novel based on Black’s linguistic criteria. Out of 33 identified instances, three representative excerpts were selected for in-depth analysis using qualitative content analysis, pragmatic interpretation, and stylistic evaluation. The findings reveal three primary forms of free direct discourse: (1) chained rhetorical questions that depict existential confusion and fragmented cognition; (2) expressions of astonishment and disbelief that articulate the absurdity of exile and function as existential protest; and (3) reflective criticism of official historical narratives that demonstrate mature critical awareness. Pragmatically, these forms operate as narrative strategies that authentically reconstruct traumatic memory, foster emotional immediacy with readers, and serve as subtle ideological critiques against historical repression and collective amnesia. A systematic psychological gradation—from confusion and shock to critical reflection—indicates that free direct discourse also mirrors the characters’ gradual psychological recovery. This study contributes to the development of pragmatic stylistics in contemporary Indonesian fiction and offers a linguistic lens for reading historical trauma through narrative form.
Environmental Exploitation in Chandra Bientang's Novel Batu Berkaki: An Ecocritical Study Witrian Harun; Sitti Rachmi Masie; Zilfa Achmad Bagtayan
Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Raja Zulkarnain Education Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55909/jpbs.v5i1.1030

Abstract

Chandra Bientang’s novel Batu Berkaki (2024) depicts society’s struggle to deal with environmental damage triggered by human greed and efforts to restore the balance of nature through moral values and ecological awareness. This study examines the representation of environmental exploitation and environmental ethics in the novel. Specifically, the study aims to (1) describe forms of environmental exploitation based on Garrard’s perspective, and (2) describe forms of environmental ethics based on Keraf’s perspective. The study uses Garrard’s ecocritical theory as a basis for examining the relationship between humans and nature in literary works, and Keraf’s environmental ethical theory to explain the moral values that guide humans in preserving the environment. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The research data consists of excerpts from the novel Batu Berkaki that depict acts of exploitation and ethical behavior towards the environment. Data sources come from the main novel and are supported by relevant theoretical references. Data collection techniques are carried out through reading and note-taking, while data analysis includes systematic reduction, classification, description, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed 42 data representing environmental exploitation, consisting of pollution (11 data), wilderness (8 data), natural disasters (1 data), residence (11 data), animals (7 data), and the earth (4 data). In addition, 19 data were found related to environmental ethics which include respect for nature, responsibility, solidarity, compassion, the principle of no harm, a simple and harmonious life towards nature, the principle of justice, the principle of democracy, and the principle of moral integrity. These findings confirm that the novel Batu Berkaki not only highlights ecological damage, but also offers moral values as a foundation for sustainable environmental recovery and supports the interests of the ecosystem.
The Existence and Motifs of Mysticism in the Short Story Collection Hilang dalam Dekapan Semeru by RJL 5-Fajar Aditya Herson Kadir; Zilfa Achmad Bagtayan; Fikrin Ilolu
Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Raja Zulkarnain Education Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55909/jpbs.v5i2.1313

Abstract

Mysticism is a teaching or belief that states the existence of a supreme reality that cannot be reached by human reason and can only be obtained through direct spiritual experience. This research was conducted by describing: 1) the existence of mysticism in the short story collection Hilang dalam Emkapan Semeru by RJL5-Fajar Aditya; 2) the motif of mysticism in the short story collection Hilang dalam Emkapan Semeru by RJL5-Fajar Aditya. This research uses the study of mysticism by Niels Mulder. The type of research used is qualitative with descriptive analysis method. The data of this research are in the form of quotes, sentences, and paragraphs that describe the existence and motif of mysticism. The data source is the short story collection Hilang dalam Emkapan Semeru by RJL 5-Fajar Aditya. The research data were collected and analyzed by reading, identifying, classifying data, recording, coding using observation guide sheets involving time triangulation. The results of the study show: 1) the existence of mysticism is divided into three aspects, namely material existence (sacred media such as objects considered to have mystical powers), spiritual existence (outward and inner mystical core as the starting point and goal), and moral existence (respect for the hierarchy of norms for noble harmony); 2) the motive of mysticism as a personal desire for worldly satisfaction, is divided into positive motives (good intentions, religious such as salvation or healing), and egoistic motives (black magic, pesugihan, mystical rituals, which are contrary to divine will. Overall, the short story Lost in Semeru's Embrace by RJL 5-Fajar Aditya not only represents mystical phenomena in climbing, but also contains moral messages about courage, solidarity, and respect for nature.