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All Journal Eureka Herba Indonesia Enigma in Law
Sonya Syarifah
Department of Forensic and Medicolegal, CMHC Research Center, Palembang, Indonesia
Humanities Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology

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Agenda Control as a Veto Point: An Empirical Legal Analysis of Legislative Scheduling Discretion in Indonesia Mischa Chantal Adella; Niama Nina Indolo; Sonya Syarifah
Enigma in Law Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Enigma in Law
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/law.v3i2.127

Abstract

Digital publics are credited with forcing Indonesia's Sexual Violence Crimes Law onto the statute book in 2022, yet mobilisation against bills has failed to slow them and mobilisation for bills has failed to start them. This study asks where in the constitutional sequence public pressure ceases to determine outcomes, testing whether scheduling discretion under Law No. 12 of 2011 operates as an unregulated veto point. Three evidence layers are combined: two source-verified event chronologies (136 events, 2014–2026; blind re-coding of 30 events, Cohen's κ = 0.952) tested by permutation; direct measurement of intervals between the constitutional stages each bill traverses; and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of eleven contested bills, one right-censored. Legislative steps followed mobilisation at a median of 20 days in one paired case against a randomisation expectation of 113.5 (p < 0.0001), but at 568.5 days in the other (p = 0.91). Executive responsiveness was near-identical at 24 and 25 days, within the 60-day limit of Article 49(1); the ensuing parliamentary interval, bound by no statutory deadline whatever, ranged from 6 to 1,102 days. Bills opposed by mobilised publics were enacted at a median of 111 days and bills demanded by them at 1,036 days, a contrast directionally consistent across four pre-specified specifications, two of which reach significance, but inferentially fragile at n = 11. Three long-demanded bills never entered joint deliberation. Comparison with Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States identifies transplantable remedies, and three de lege ferenda reforms are drafted.
Precision Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Zingiber officinale Polysaccharides Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice Rachmat Hidayat; Moon Kaeun; Sonya Syarifah
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher in collaboration with CMHC Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v7i2.146

Abstract

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a rising cause of chronic gastrointestinal morbidity in Asia, and mesalazine-refractory disease drives demand for affordable adjunctive phytotherapies. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae; Indonesian jahe) rhizome polysaccharides (ZOP) remain under-studied despite escaping upper-gut digestion and reaching the colon for saccharolytic fermentation. Objective: To characterize standardized ZOP from Indonesian ginger rhizome and to evaluate their dose-dependent efficacy against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, benchmarked against mesalazine. Methods: ZOP were prepared by hot-water extraction, Sevag deproteinization and ethanol precipitation (molecular weight 1.8×104–6.4×105 Da; galacturonic-acid–rhamnose–arabinose–xylose–glucose backbone). Sixty male BALB/c mice were randomized into six groups (n = 10): normal control; DSS 3% w/v; DSS plus mesalazine 100 mg/kg; and DSS plus ZOP 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 14 days. Results: High-dose ZOP reduced the Disease Activity Index from 3.62 ± 0.19 to 1.08 ± 0.12 (p < 0.001), preserved colon length (7.2 ± 0.20 versus 5.1 ± 0.26 cm), lowered histology score (3.8 ± 0.24 versus 9.8 ± 0.41) and colonic myeloperoxidase (2.14 ± 0.17 versus 6.18 ± 0.29 U/g), and restored Shannon α-diversity (3.56 ± 0.13 versus 2.14 ± 0.18). It expanded Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia, contracted Proteobacteria, raised caecal butyrate 5.8-fold and up-regulated claudin-1, occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and mucin-2 (all p < 0.001). The high dose equalled or exceeded mesalazine on multiple endpoints. Conclusion: Standardized ginger rhizome polysaccharides reshape the gut microbiota, augment short-chain fatty-acid generation, restore mucosal barrier integrity and suppress colonic inflammation, supporting development as a complementary phytotherapy for Indonesian UC.
Co-Authors Mischa Chantal Adella Moon Kaeun Niama Nina Indolo Rachmat Hidayat